Yuchengco Researchpaper Essay Example

Yuchengco Researchpaper Essay †¢ AY Foundation The Alfonso Yuchengco Foundation, Inc (AY Foundation) serves as the heart of YGC. It manifests the Groups conviction that social responsibility is a corporations lifeblood, essential to its survival and success. Established in 1970, this non-profit, service-oriented organization has dedicated itself to the uplift of the Filipino spirit. Using contributions from YGCs member companies, the AY Foundation has various social development programs focusing particularly in the education, health and nutrition sector. Now entering its fifth decade of service, the Foundation continues its commitment to contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of the Filipino –especially the poor and disadvantaged. †¢ Yuchengco Museum The Yuchengco Museum, located at RCBC Plaza in Makati City, is one of Manilas newest art museums and cultural assets. The museum opened its doors to the public in September 2005, and was created especially by Alfonso Yuchengco to house his art collection and be a venue for artistic and cultural exhibitions. The establishment of the museum was a natural extension of Yuchengcos distinguished career as an influential Filipino-Chinese businessman, diplomat, collector, philanthropist, art patron, and education advocate. With its range of original exhibitions and engaging programs, the museum fosters a great public appreciation of the finest in Filipino and Filipino-Chinese creativity. The museums offerings focus on three different themes: Sino-Filipino Expressions that highlight the visual arts ; Bridging Cultures, which showcases the rich and diverse cultural expressions from the Philippines, the region, and the world; and Design as Art Art as Design showing contemporary design excellence. As a member of Yuchengco Group of Companies (YGC), the Yuchengco Museum is also a platform for the museums corporate social responsibility. We will write a custom essay sample on Yuchengco Researchpaper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Yuchengco Researchpaper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Yuchengco Researchpaper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The museum also highlights the Yuchengco family and the YGC as patrons of arts and culture, positioning them not just as business leaders, but as vanguards of cultural heritage. †¢ RCBC YGCs flagship company for the banking industry is the Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation (RCBC). It is ranked as among the top 5 private domestic commercial banks. Incorporated in 1960, RCBC—then known as Rizal Development Bank—was the first development bank to be established in the province of Rizal. Two years later, it received the approval of the Central Bank to operate as a commercial bank. Since then, RCBC has become a leading name in the banking industry. RCBCs claim to excellence rests on the manner that it redefined Philippine banking services. The first to adopt the concept of integrated banking, RCBC went beyond traditional banking by offering clients investment and insurance services. Being at the forefront of industry innovations, RCBC continues to serve its clients with the highest standards of professionalism. House of Investments House of Investments, Inc. (HI) is a unique component of YGC. Servings as its investment arm, HI is the first enterprise of its kind in the Philippines. Ever since its first operations in the early 60s, HI has continuously sought new areas and diverse opportunities for investment and deployment of resources. House of Investments, or HI, a respected leader in project development activities and joint ventures with internationally established companies, ontrols and manages a major list of companies in education and information technology, construction and infrastructure, consumer finance, and other services such as memorial parks, strategic sourcing and trading. Through HI, YGC branches out, entering new industries, interacting with a wide range of players and absorbing fresh ideas. No wonder HI has the reputation of being the leader in project development as well as an active Philippine partner of some of the worlds most respected companies. †¢ RCBC Capital Corp. RCBC Capital Corporation is a subsidiary of RCBC. It offers a complete range of investment banking and financial consultancy services. It specializes in the underwriting of equity, quasi-equity and debt securities, loan syndication, and financial advisory services. RCBC Capital has successfully acted as Issue Manager, Lead Manager or Co-Lead Manager for numerous fund raising activities of both Government and privately-owned companies in the Philippines. In the local government bond market, RCBC Capital is the most active player from the private sector having underwritten majority of the local government bonds issued in the country. To assist clients in raising funds either through debt, quasi-equity or equity issuance, RCBC Capital acts as an intermediary in the sale and distribution of new securities to the public and via private placement or arranges a syndicate of banks willing to fund the client. In the process, RCBC Capital advises companies on the appropriate security to issue, timing, pricing and other terms, as well as assists in preparing the required documentation. RCBC Capital also provides financial advisory services with regard to the overall financial condition and strategy of a company. RCBC Capital also engages in the trading of stocks through its wholly-owned subsidiary, RCBC Securities, Inc. , a stock brokerage and a trading participant in the Philippine Stock Exchange. With an established network of equity investors, it can sell shares on a primary or secondary basis. †¢ RCBC Forex Brokers Corp. RCBC Forex Brokers Corporation was established as a subsidiary of RCBC in August 1998. It is engaged in dealing and brokering major world currencies in various foreign exchange contracts with local and international clients. As a broker, it also brings together sellers and buyers of foreign exchange, offering them very competitive rates through its offices in RCBC and RCBC Savings Bank Business Centers nationwide. RCBC Forex Brokers Corp. is part of RCBC Financial Markets Group. †¢ RCBC Savings Bank RCBC Savings Bank is a wholly owned subsidiary of one of the countrys top universal banks, Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation (RCBC). RCBC Savings Bank was incorporated in January 1996 to serve as the consumer and retail banking arm of RCBC. †¢ RCBC Securities, Inc. †¢ RCBC Telemoney Europe †¢ Bankard Bankard, Inc. is a pioneer in the credit card industry with 25 years of experience in card issuing and acquiring tucked under its belt. Celebrating its silver anniversary in the year 2007, the company entered another milestone in its existence on the same year with the re-branding of its cards from Bankard to RCBC Bankard the culmination of Bankards coming together with banking industry stalwart Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation (RCBC) that began in the year 2000 and concluded last December 2006 with the sale of the entire Bankard business and all of its assets to RCBC. YGC Corporate Services Inc. †¢ First Malayan Leasing and Finance Corp. First Malayan Leasing and Finance Corporation (Malayan Leasing) is a pioneer in the leasing and financing industry in the Philippines as the company started its operations in 1957. Malayan Leasing is a non-bank financial institution with a quasi-banking license granted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. It serves the requirements of corpo rate, commercial and consumer markets through its innovative loans, leases and investment products. Grepalife Asset Management Corp. †¢ Grepalife Established in 1954, GREPALIFE Financial, Inc. (formerly The Great Pacific Life Assurance Corporation or simply Grepalife) is the first life insurance company to be put up after the Second World War and the 12th insurance firm to do business in the Philippines. Since then it would develop a corporate life of its own and would evolve into a solid pillar of the Yuchengco Group of Companies. It is one of the 10 largest life insurance companies in the Philippines today. With a growing number of policyholders, GREPALIFE Financial has become a life partner of many Filipinos. With over 200,000 policies in force, the company remains committed to its mission of promoting the great life among Filipino individuals and families. It is recognized as a leader in group insurance, protecting more than 4,000 groups and organizations. Through its competitive salary savings program, GREPALIFE Financial takes pride in holding significant niches among the countrys public school teachers and military personnel. Through creativity, innovation and wise leadership, GREPALIFE Financial has grown to be a trusted name among the countrys life insurers. Grepalife Asset Management Corporation is established primarily to manage, promote, provide and render management and technical advice and services to mutual fund companies. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of (shouldnt this be GREPALIFE Financial, Inc. ) Great Pacific Life Assurance Corporation, the life insurance arm of the YGC †¢ Malayan Insurance The Malayan Group of Insurance Companies has dominated the non-life insurance industry for over 30 years now. As the forerunner of the flagship institutions of the Yuchengco Group, it is the oldest of all the YGC members, and currently ranks as the biggest non-life insurance group in the Philippines. The Malayan Group places a premium on serving the interest of its clients. It continuously improves and innovates in order to provide a more efficient and better service. It is known for its wide coverage range of insurance risks including fire, marine and cargo, motorcar, miscellaneous casualty, personal accident and surety. As the Malayan Group enters its ninth decade of service, it will continue to exhibit the same brand of leadership and excellence respected by its policymakers and colleagues in the industry. †¢ Mapua Institute of Technology The Mapua Information Technology Center (MITc), a spin-off of MapuaTechs School of IT is envisioned to become the leader in non-university type education, offering two-year Diploma Programs to eventually an Associate Degree ladderized to the Bachelors Degree (4-year) I. T. courses of MIT. MITc invests on its students IT education to equip them with unparalleled skills and experience that will enable them to win in the global IT marketplace. With its academic reputation and the vast network of the YGC Group of Companies, MITc aims to provide top quality education to supply top corporations with skilled, high value IT professionals. Executive and Developer Programs are also available for professionals and corporations for their continuing education program (short courses). Different entity yet one aim – to give the best Education there is, stamped with Mapua excellence. OUR MISSION MITc produces highly-competitive and well-rounded individuals equipped with relevant, up-to-date, research-based technical and communication proficiencies in the fields of Information Technology, Management and Network technology in response to the demands of business and society globally. OUR VISION MITc will be the pioneer center that offers the best quality 2-year education that nurtures students to become ready for employment. MITc will be known not only in diploma courses recognized globally but also in other related technologies. Mapua Information Technology Center The Mapua Institute of Technology (MIT), is an 80-year old technology-focused school located in Intramuros, the heart of Manila. With 15,000 students in college level, it is the biggest engineering school in the Philippines, accounting for about 8% of engineering graduates every year. The Institute also runs a pre-engineering high school with about 1,800 students. The Institutes name derives from its foun der, Don Tomas Mapua, an architecture graduate of Cornell University. The Institute was fully owned by the Mapua family until 1999 when it was acquired 100% by the Yuchengco Group of Companies (YGC) through a company now known as iPeople, Inc. Ambassador Alfonso T. Yuchengco chairs the Mapua Board of Trustees, while Alfonso S. Yuchengco, III is the Vice-Chairman. The Institute prides itself with the quality of its architecture and engineering programs, which has been demonstrated time and again in the long history of topnotch performance of its graduates in the government-administered professional licensure examinations. Under the new YGC management, the quality of instruction is being enhanced and new dimensions are being added to the Institutes mission. Aside from excellence in teaching, the Institute now aims to develop its research, as well as its consultancy and community extension capabilities. The Institute will be at the front-lines of problem solving for the benefit of the Filipinos and humankind, while keeping in mind that the core of its strength lies and shall continue to lie in its engineering nd architecture educational programs, programs that are well-balanced by the 2-year general education curriculum in the arts, humanities and social sciences. In recognition of the growing need for IT professionals locally and worldwide, the Institute is establishing more IT programs through regular degree programs and 2-year associate degree programs as well as short-term programs for specific and special competencies. The School of IT and the Center for Continuing Education and Special Competencie s handle these programs. To put its consultancy services on a solid organizational footing, the Institute established a wholly-owned subsidiary, the Mapua TechServ, Inc. To handle research it shall similarly organize the Mapua TechSearch, Inc. †¢ Malayan Colleges Laguna Malayan Colleges Laguna (MCL) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Mapua Institute of Technology. Driven by passion for knowledge, it is established to extend the quality of education Mapua has been known for. Along with the other subsidiaries like the Mapua I. T. Center and the Malayan High School of Science, MCL shall respond to the challenges of globalization in order to produce graduates who shall be at par with their foreign counterparts. The campus is located in Cabuyao, Laguna, where several science and industrial parks are situated. With this excellent location, students are prepared in the actual, technology-driven industries through on-the-job trainings and apprenticeships even during their mid-academic years. With its excellent facilities, technologically advanced and IT integrated curricula, MCL is envisioned to be a center of excellence for science and technology education in Southern Luzon. †¢ Malayan High School of Science †¢ Landev †¢ RCBC Realty Corp. †¢ iPeople Inc. iPeople Inc is a subsidiary of the House of Invesments, Inc. It aims to explore new strategic business areas in education and information technology. iPeople provides information retrieval. Using its sister company the Mapua Institute of Technology, as a base and starting point for building other IT businesses, iPeople is assured of high quality IT and engineering background needed to succeed. †¢ Pan Pacific Computer Center, Inc. Pan Pacific Computer Center, Inc. is an Information Technology (IT) solutions and services provider for more than 41 years now. PPCC has technical expertise in Helpdesk Support Services, Technical Support Services, Network Management, Security Services, Systems Administration, Business Process Documentation Services, Project Management and Document Management Solutions and Services. PPCC also offers network storage solutions in partnership with EMC Philippines. Currently, PPCC provides consolidated IT services to the entire Yuchengco Group of Companies (YGC) as well as to other reputable accounts from various industries. Pan Pacific Computer Center, Inc. (PPCC) is an ISO 9001:2008 certified information technology company. †¢ People eServe Corp. People eServe Corporation is a wholly owned subsidiary of iPeople, Inc. and a member of the Yuchengco Group of Companies (YGC). Incorporated last July 17, 2001 as an IT company under iPeople, Inc. it ventured into reselling and hardware maintenance on July 1, 2002. Philippine Integrated Advertising Agency, Inc. †¢ Hi-Eisai Pharmaceutical, Inc. †¢ Grepalife Medical and Diagnostic Center Grepalife Medical and Diagnostic Center provides quality health care services. It features the latest medical, dental, optical, and laboratory facilities including treadmill, ultrasound, and other modern diagnostic equipment. With qualified multi-specialists and pro-active clinic personnel, clients are assured to have quick and quality medical attention immediately. The center offers pre-employment and annual physical examinations accepted by numerous embassies and multi-national companies. It also has a pharmacy where common and prescribed medicines are readily available. †¢ EEI Corporation EEI Corporation takes pride in being one of the largest construction companies in the country, primarily engaged in construction, trading and in providing allied products and services in the Philippines and selected overseas markets. We are committed to: providing quality and cost-effective products and services to our customers; extending meaningful employment and a better quality of life to our employees; delivering reasonable returns to our shareholders; and serving the welfare of the community at large. Honda Cars Kalookan †¢ Honda Cars Quezon City †¢ Isuzu Manila †¢ Honda Cars Manila †¢ Honda Cars Marikina †¢ Pan Malayan Express Inc. †¢ Manila Memorial Park Cemetery, Inc. †¢ La Funeraria Paz Sucat, Inc. †¢ Malayan Plaza Mission and Vision the YGC Vision We are a customer–focused group of companies. We provide integrated, world -class products and services, delivering superior value throughout the lives of our customers. We are a dynamic and professional organization, continuously improving our competitive capabilities and fully responsive to the national interest and the needs of our stakeholders. We work as a synergistic team and build mutually rewarding partnerships to sustain our growth. We stand behind our commitment: Integrity and Service Excellence, aimed at enhancing the quality of life of our people. The Blue Hexagon Service Quality Code We believe that customers are our reason for being. We listen to them and understand them. We offer them the best products and services. We believe that to achieve this, we need to continuously improve ourselves. We have to be more sensitive to their needs and wants. We believe that teamwork will deliver this commitment. We value and help each other and the communities we serve. We are YGC. This is our future. This is our battlecry: YGC=Excellence. Corporate values The Yuchengco Group of Companies adheres to a set of values which inspire all the member companies in their aim to be leaders in their respective fields. Service Excellence Everyone in the YGC companies know that their business is all about service excellence. Service excellence translates into acting with client’s needs in mind. Through the different service provided by the various companies of YGC, the high standard performance is demonstrated and maintained for the past 70 years. Professionalism Discipline coupled with dedication to one’s work results in the highest levels of professionalism which puts a premium on a job well done. YGC makes no compromises in its quest to discover new innovations to improve the lives of their clients. They are models of professional commitment, transparency, and openness to improvement demanded by the values of YGC. Forward Thinking It is important to look ahead into the future, preparing for whatever lies ahead. YGC believes that businesses must be forward thinking, decisive, creating strategies to meet tomorrow’s challenges. For many years now, YGC has pioneered in integral financial services – meeting client’s needs from cradle to tomb. Through the advance thinking of the YGC, loyal customers enjoy and avail the full range of the Group’s variety of services at their convenience. Accountability YGC believes that people working together instead of against each other makes everyone a winner. Everyone, including large conglomerates, must be accountable for the welfare of their neighbors. YGC recognizes people who made social accountability a way of life, not only among their ranks but also in the general populace. Sense of Urgency YGC knows that clients want their needs to be given full attention and top priority. All its companies believe in the timely accomplishment of tasks and treats every customer’s case with a sense of urgency. Teamwork It takes teamwork to make things work at YGC. Teambuilding is taken very seriously. Officers and staff are expertly-trained so that all efforts are harmonious and unified. For teamwork is truly the strength of synergy. Synergy is the strength of YGC. All the group’s personnel are dedicated to working for the advancement of YGC, customer welfare and the common good. Leadership The success of YGC is mainly attributed to its leader, Don Alfonso Yuchengco. When Don Enrique Yuchengco died in 1953, he left Don Alfonso all the businesses and its management. Using what he learned from his father, he is able to make the companies flourish even during difficult times. One of the keys to Don Alfonso’s early success in business is his ability to make friends and interact productively with business colleagues. The valuable contacts and opportunities he developed through his social network helped his companies expand rapidly. Associates like to point out that his openness to setting up joint ventures, especially with foreign partners, has been one of his most important assets. Don Alfonso’s career has spanned many eras starting from the Philippine Commonwealth, through the Second World War, the years of economic expansion in the 1950s and 1960s as well as the difficult years of martial law in the 1970s and 1980s. Throughout his career as a businessman and a diplomat, he consistenly espoused social discipline and national pride. His belief that both are necessary ingredients for progress and development has served his companies and the nation well. Corporate Social Responsibility Given the YGC’s character and civic-mindedness, Don Alfonso Yuchengco felt the need to turn over some of the profits from the many thriving companies to a well-planned system of philanthropy. In 1970, the YGC established the AY Foundation, Inc. to handle most of his charitable donations and to monitor long-term civic projects. The chosen beneficiaries represent a broad range of activities but they are all related to issues that hold personal significance for Alfonso Yuchengco. Their generous donations have directed largely toward helping the disadvantaged children enjoy the vital necessities of life, enhancing educational opportunities, supporting the arts and protecting the environment. Latest CSR news 31-May-2011 Yuchengco Group awards winners of environment project competition The various Human Resources and Marketing heads of the Yuchengco Group of Companies (YGC) recently awarded the nine finalists of its YGC Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)-Environment Ideation Contest. The competition encouraged all employees from more than 60 member companies of the conglomerate to submit proposals for environmental care and sustainability, to be adopted as a component activity of its YGC Earth Care Program. The nine finalists – six (6) third place entries, two (2) second placers, and one (1) overall winner – bested over 700 ideas submitted by individual employees and team members. The winning proposal, from the Management Services Group of Malayan Insurance, is entitled â€Å"Sandaang Puno sa Sandaang Bayan Para sa Sandaang Taon ng YGC† to commemorate the Centennial Anniversary of the conglomerate. It is set to be implemented by the YGC Councils as its main Green Marketing Initiative under the title of YGC Product for A Tree. 31-May-2011 Environmental sustainability tackled in YGC Earth Care seminar Following through on its environmental pledges made during the the commemoration of Earth Hour last March 2011, the Yuchengco Group of Companies (YGC) recently gathered the Human Resources and General Services Department heads of its various member companies to a two-day environment seminar held at the RCBC Plaza in Makati City. Dubbed as the YGC Earth Care seminar, the activity is part of the umbrella campaign called the YGC Earth Care Program, which is envisioned to enable the conglomerate to create an Earth-friendly sustainable business environment. Presiding over the seminar was the WWF-Philippines Vice Chairman and CEO Jose Ma. Lorenzo â€Å"Lory† Tan, whose presentation revealed the complex issues and implications surrounding global warming and climate change. He stressed the need for more decision makers to start implementing appropriate responses to help address these cataclysmic changes affecting the environment. As it commemorates its centennial anniversary this year, the YGC is focusing its business sustainability strategies toward caring for nature, conserving resources, and utilizing alternative sources of energy. The YGCs commitment made during Earth Hour calls on all the heads of its various companies to target a 10-percent reduction in emissions by 2012 through simple measures now made mandatory for all its employees, like switching off unnecessary lights and other appliances, conserving water and paper products, and many other acts. The YGC estimates that a full-year commitment to this 10-percent carbon footprint reduction means savings of up to P50 million for the entire conglomerate – demonstrating how simple forms of savings will go a long way to make a hugely positive difference. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY In 1970, Ambassador Alfonso T. Yuchengco established the AY Foundation, Inc. as the social development arm of the Yuchengco Group of Companies. Its main thrusts are in education, national discipline and community service, as well as public health and welfare. PROGRAMS: Scholarship Programs Since 1970, more than 7,200 educational grants have been awarded by AYF to street children, indigent students belonging to cultural minority groups as well as deserving but financially needy dependents of YGC employees. National Discipline The National Discipline Awards aim to give recognition to graduating high school students who consistently exemplify the virtue of discipline in school and in the community. Medical and Surgical Mission The AYF provides poor Filipinos in far-flung communities with access to quality medical services. More than 6,000 major and minor surgical procedures benefiting indigent patients in remote communities have been performed for free. In addition, 55,000 poor Filipinos were provided with free medical and dental consultations and medicines. Blessed Teresa of Calcutta Awards Inspired by 1979 Nobel Peace Prize winner, Mother Teresa of Calcutta, the AYF in partnership with the Manila Jaycees established the Blessed Teresa of Calcutta Award in 1983. The award is given to outstanding individuals who have dedicated their lives in the service of the poorest of the poor. CYCLE (Championing the Youth for Community LEadership) Program A leadership training and values formation program that instills a keen sense of social responsibility among the National Discipline Awardees through volunteer work in depressed communities. Since 2001, over 200 students were given a chance to go through this three-level leadership program.

Example Essay

Example Essay Example Essay Example Essay Example of essay serves several functions. First, example essay gives you idea for your own essay writing. Second, example is your guide to essay formatting. At the same time, you should not forget that example essay is also your risk because all example essays are easily accessible by any person at any time. Thus, think twice before using free example essay. If you do not want to risk, try our custom essay help . Our writers will write your essay from scratch and meet your specific academic writing requirements. We guarantee confidentiality and full adherence to requirements. Example Essay Excerpt Purifying water with any kind of fuel is not going to be inexpensive. During planning for the big Feather River Project, Californians investigated doing the job with sea-water conversion plants. The Feather River conduits will deliver 1.3 billion gallons per day to Southern California. Preliminary plans indicated that it might be possible to build giant distillation plants producing more than 100 million gallons a day the OSW's biggest to date has produced only 1.4 million gallons a day, remember. There was one big flaw in the plan, however. Each of these big installations would have required 6.5 percent of Southern California's entire natural-gas output, and it would take ten of them to do the job. Desalting sea water would require two-thirds of all the natural-gas power in the area. Understandably, work was pushed on the Feather River Project. At present our government believes it can desalinate sea water at a cost of $1.25 per 1000 gallons. For a thirsty man, this seems dirt chea p, but to that figure must be added other expenses, including costs of transporting sea water to the plant and fresh water into homes. These transportation charges are well fixed; the problem is to reduce the expense of conversion. Some authorities feel that artificially produced fresh water is so costly of fuel that it will never be widely used for agriculture, which accounts for most of the world's water consumption, or for industry. Obviously human beings won't starve before they sacrifice wealth for food, but present use of desalinated sea water for farming is limited to the island of Guernsey in the English Channel. When droughts occur, the island's tomato crop suffers, and since this is the big business on that island the farmers have installed a 600,000-gallons-per-day standby distillation plant as insurance against the times when it doesn't rain. An example of industrial sea-water use in the United States is the steam-electric power generating plant of the Southern Californi a Edison Company at Mandalay Beach, California, where a distillation plant desalts ocean water at the rate of 100,000 gallons a day for the power plant. In addition to combination electric-power-desalting plants, there is another approach that may help lower the cost of desalination. The ocean is about 3 1/2 percent mineral, and we need minerals, too. Of 77 important minerals, for example, the United States has an ample domestic supply of only 11. How about mining the sea for these needed materials? Custom Essay Writing The above example essay is good, but it is not custom written. If you want to get an essay written especially for you from scratch, try our professional essay writing services. We can handle all essay topics!

Reaction Paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reaction Paper 2 - Essay Example who disobeys" (Baumrind, 1991, in Huang and Prochner 2004, p.229), while parental response refers to "the extent to which parents intentionally foster individuality, self-regulation, and self-assertion by being attuned, supportive, and acquiescent to childrens special needs and demands" (Baumrind, 1991, in Huang and Prochner 2004, p.229). The psychologists and social scientists distinguish four parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and neglectful. Authoritative parents are â€Å"demanding and accepting† â€Å"controlling but not restricting,† authoritarian parents are demanding but rejecting and non-responsive, permissive parents are responsive but non-demanding, while neglectful parents are permissive and non-responsive (Ballantine 2001, p. 46; Huang and Prochner 2004, p.229). The studies of western researchers have shown strong relationship between the parenting styles and the child’s social competence, child’s school achievement, se lf-concept and goal setting, self-esteem and self-efficacy during the entire life and adolescent drinking and delinquency. All the studies have shown that authoritative parenting style always has favorable outcomes while the other three have demonstrated a negative impact on the children’s outcomes (In Huang and Prochner 2004, p.230). Parents play the major role in people’s lives, no matter whether they loved them as children or feared of and dreamt of parents’ divorce, as it happens in some families. Eric Berne (1975) discovered that parents’ scenarios and behavioral patterns determined the whole direction of an individual’s development. No matter what your attitude to the parents was, as time passes you start noticing (some people stay unaware of it) that you behave just as your parents did (even the negative traits that you did not like in your parents being copied). The behavioral patterns are than brought to the new family created by the grown children. They continue behaving just as their

How institutional and cultural issues impact International HRM Essay

How institutional and cultural issues impact International HRM - Essay Example This essay will provide an analysis on the literature available on International Human Resource Management and how companies deal with the challenges of globalisation and of managing employees of different culture. International human resource management is an important emerging phenomenon in international business. There is a sudden growth of interest over this due to the rapid growth of industrialisation and globalisation. Globalisation has revolutionized the way organisations function; it has been enhanced by continuous technological advancement, the Internet and Information Technology. Organisations have to expand both as an organisation and as a business. Businesses, which have been internationalized because of intense globalisation, have to introduce more new products and services. Competition dictates these companies to be always changing and innovative. The importance of borders between different countries is reduced, and similar events and phenomena in countries throughout t he world are more easily linked. The identities of cross-border structures are strengthened, and the power of organisations operating only within the nation state is weakened. International human resource management has its origin in the 1980s, as a reaction against the more functional approach embodied in personnel management. McKern stated that during the early years of the post-war development of the modern international corporation, organisational structures evolved slowly in response to geographical and market diversity. It was easy for management to change structures incrementally. But now changes in the organisation are based on complex environmental factors. International HRM was born. Guest (1990 as cited in Cray and Mallory, 1998) says that ‘the apparent novelty of HRM lies in the claim that by making full use of its human resources a firm will gain competitive advantage’. HRM Paradigms Human resource management is the strategic and coherent approach to the ma nagement of an organisation’s most valued asset – the people. Due to the emergence of various forces in globalisation, organisations and businesses have become global as a result of technological innovations, and the introduction of more development in communications and transportation. There are two paradigms focusing on HRM. The universalist paradigm, which is dominant in the United States and widely used elsewhere, assumes that the purpose of the study of HRM is to improve the way human resources are managed strategically within organisations (Harris et al., 2003). In contrast, the contextual paradigm searches for an overall understanding of what is contextually unique and why. Many management researchers find the universalist paradigm ironically excluding much of the work of HR specialists in such areas as compliance, equal opportunities, trade union relationships and dealing with local government. This paradigm is not helpful in regions like Europe, where signific ant HR legislation and policy is enacted at European Union level (e.g. freedom of movement, employment and remuneration, equal treatment) as well as those of particular countries or sectors (Brewster et al, 1996, qtd. in Harris et al, 2003). HRM is now considered the determinant factor in the success or failure of international business. The success of global business depends most importantly on the quality of management in an organisation. There is a shortage of international management talent that constrains implementation of global strategies (Scullion and Paauwe, 2004). There is a lot of challenge placed on the manager in managing an organisation of different culture. Along this line of thought is the concept on comparative human resource mana

Behaviour in Social and Work Organisations Essay

Behaviour in Social and Work Organisations - Essay Example As argued out by McShane & Glinow (2009), the MARS model contains four pertinent aspects that directly impact on an individual’s performance. At the outset, motivation has been suggested to be the best strategy open to managers bent on boosting employee performance. The ability of an individual to perform a certain task should be critically analysed before placement. It is therefore imperative for managers to avoid any disparity between abilities and job profile during placement (Newstrom, 2007). An individual should behave within the parameters of the position occupied in the society. Newstrom (2007) maintains that no employee should be given roles conflicting with his or her culture. Finally, all the internal and external factors in an organisation must be favorable (Bratton, J. et.al, 2007) to allow an individual to perform. The Johari window has been used in explaining how people interact with one another. Anita (as cited in McShane & Glinow, 2009), explains that the Johari window has four panes which divides a person’s awareness into four different types. In the public pane is all the information about our lives that we bare open to the public. I may have a speck on my face and unless I use a mirror, I’ll never learn of the presence of the speck. Other people can observe this speck and thus know something I don’t know. This is my hidden or blind pane. The unknown pane on the other hand contains information about me that is not known to anyone including myself (McShane & Glinow, 2009). Such information could take the form of dreams or visions. Finally, the private pane contains an individual’s secrets kept hidden from others. Opening this private pane is called self-disclosure (Anita as cited in McShane & Glinow, 2009) which has its dangers. The EVLN model has been designed to explain the behaviour patterns of dissident members in an organisation intend on changing the

Standardization of Anti-diabetic Poly Herbal Formulation

Standardization of Anti-diabetic Poly Herbal Formulation 1. Introduction Now-a-days most of developed as well as developing countries use Ayurvedic medicines then they uses it in past. They avoid use of allopathic drugs because of high risk of adverse effects. So, for the sake of community it is important to standardize the dosage form available in market. Standardization of formulation is evidence that the formulation contains constituents which it says to be contained. In present work formulation containing Gymnemic acid and Resveratrol has been studied. This formulation is anti-diabetic. Gymnemic Acid (GYM) is major constituent isolated from leaves of plant Gymnema Sylvester belonging to family Asclepiadacea. (1) Plant has a property of masking the sugar test so it is known as â€Å"GURMAR†. Gymnemic acid is a triterpenoid saponin found in the leaves of Gymnema Sylvester. (2) Many studies have shown that oral administration of Gymnema extract reduces serum glucose level and improves glucose tolerance in mildly diabetic rats. (3) Administration of water extract of Gymnema sylvestre leaves was found to increase serum insulin level suggesting its insulin releasing effect. (4) Number of beta cells within pancreatic tissue were increased which suggests a restorative effect of the Gymnema extract on pancreatic tissue. (5) So, from above it is now known that Gymnemic acid has the ability to decrease blood glucose level in diabetic patient which ultimately relives Diabetes. Resveratrol (RES) (3,4†²,5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is polyphenolic constituent isolated from plant Polygonum Cuspidatum belonging to family Polygnaceae. (6) It has been reported that Resveratrol has a variety of biological and pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, anticarcinogenic effects, modulation of lipid metabolism and cardioprotection. (7) In pancreatic ÃŽ ²-cells, insulin secretion is linked to the oscillations in membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+ and metabolism. The variations in the ATP/ADP ratio control the conductance of ATP-dependent K+ channels leading to depolarization and periodic influx of Ca2+. The resultant membrane depolarization activates voltage dependent L-type Ca2+ channels and triggers intracellular Ca2+ release, elevating intracellular Ca2+ both in the cytosolic compartment and within the mitochondria, and thereby initiating insulin secretion. (8) From the survey of various literatures it is found that Gymnemic acid has been estimated by various analytical techniques like HPTLC, HPLC Gravimetery. (9) While Resveratrol had been estimated by HPLC and spectrometric techniques. (10) Not a single method is reported for the estimation of both constituents simultaneously. Present work has been focused on estimation of both constituents simultaneously. Here estimation of both constituents was done by UV-Visible spectrometry and HPTLC. For estimation of both constituents simultaneously UV-visible Spectrophotometric and HPTLC methods were developed and validated. Figure 1: Gymnemic acid Table 1: Gymnemic acid Group Figure 2: Resveratrol 2. Experimental Chemical Reagents Gymnemic acid relative Standard was extracted from the formulation. This relative standard was compared with standard obtained from Clearsynth TM Private Ltd (Andheri (w), Mumbai, India) . Then the prepared relative standard was used for methods. Same way, Resveratrol was extracted from formulation and then compared with standard Sigma-Aldrich constituent. Marketed formulation here used was Resveratrol plus (with Gymnemic acid) {Zenith Nutrition’s} containing 100mg Resveratrol and 500 mg Gymnemic acid per 2 capsules. All reagents for UV-Visible Spectrophotometry and HPTLC are Methanol, Chloroform, Ethanol, Glacial Acetic Acid, water and Benzoyl Chloride. Methanol, Chloroform and Ethanol used were analytical grade purchased from merk solutions. Triple distill water was made in laboratory by distillation assembly. Benzoyl Chloride was purchased from SD fines Chemicals. Instruments UV-Visible Spectrophotometric was developed on a Shimadzu UV-Vis double beam spectrophotometer, model 2400 PC series, with spectral width of 1 nm, wavelength accuracy of 0.5nm and a pair of 10 mm matched quartz cells (Shimadzu , Japan). The HPTLC instrumentation consisted of a Linomat V sample applicator with 100  µL Hamilton syringe and a TLC III scanner controlled by WinCATS software (Camag, Muttenz, Switzerland) Merck TLC plates coated with 60F254 silica gel on aluminum sheets were used as stationary phase. The plates were developed in a Camag 10 x 10 cm twin through chamber that was previously saturated for 20 minutes with mobile phase. Spectrometric Conditions GYM didn’t contain chromophore in structure so it has to be derivatized for UV-Visible detection. Benzoyl Chloride was used as derivatizing agent. The solutions of GYM RES were scanned in the spectrum mode from 200 to 400 nm, and from that 303nm for Gymnemic acid determination, 318.4 nm for Resveratrol determination and 349 nm for isoabsorptive point for Q ratio method were selected for simultaneous estimation. Chromatography Condition The solutions were spotted in the form of hands of 5 mm width on pre-coated silica gel 60F254 aluminum plates using a Camag 100  µL sample applicator syringe. They were activated at 110 oC in an oven for 20 minutes before sample application. A constant application rate 0.1 µL/s was applied and bandwidth was 9 mm between two bands. Spotted plates were developed in twin through chamber which is previously saturated for 20 minutes with mobile phase containing Chloroform: Methanol: Glacial acetic acid (13: 4: 0.5 %). The plates were developed for 8 cm run length. The plates were dried by hair dryer and then post derivatization done by dipping plates in Vanillin-Sulphuric acid solution. Then it is heated in hot air oven at 105oC for 5 minutes. Then plates were scanned at 575nm in TLC III scanner. Preparation of solutions Preparation of Standard solution for UV Resveratrol relative standard 10 mg was accurately weighed which is transferred to 10 ml clean volumetric flask. This much quantity was dissolved in 10 ml of ethanol to produce 1000 µg/ ml standard stock solution. From standard stock solution 1 ml is transferred to another 10 ml of volumetric flask and volume was made up with methanol to produce 100  µg/ ml working standard stock solution. Gymnemic acid relative standard 100 mg was accurately weighed which is transferred to 10 ml clean volumetric flask. This much quantity was dissolved in 10 ml of triple distill water to produce 10000  µg/ ml standard stock solution. From standard stock solution 1 ml was transferred to 10 ml volumetric flask diluted with methanol to produce 1000  µg/ ml working standard solution. Benzoyl chloride was diluted in ethanol first and then in methanol lastly to produce 125  µg/ ml solution which was used as derivatizing solution. Preparation of sample solution for UV 10 capsule’s shells were removed and powders from those capsules were mixed and from that weight equivalent to 10 mg Resveratrol and 50 mg Gymnemic acid was weighed accurately and transferred to 10 ml of volumetric flask volume made up with mixture of ethanol: water (1:1). From this solution 1 ml solution was taken diluted with mixture of ethanol: water (1:1).this solution is working sample solution further dilution done by the same mixture. Preparation of standard solution for HPTLC Resveratrol relative standard 20 mg and Gymnemic acid relative standard 100 mg was accurately weighed and transferred to two different 10 ml volumetric flask respectively in which weighed quantity was dissolved in 10 ml ethanol : water (1:1) mixture to produce RES 2000  µg/ ml and GYM 10000  µg/ ml standard stock solution. From these solution 5 ml solution was transferred to 10 ml volumetric flask diluted with ethanol: water (1:1) up to 10 ml to produce RES 1000  µg/ ml and GYM 5000  µg/ ml working standard stock solution. Preparation of sample solution for HPTLC 10 capsule’s shells were removed and powders from those capsules were mixed from that weight equivalent to 20 mg RES and 100 mg Gym was weighed. That much amount of powder was accurately transferred to 10 ml volumetric flask and dissolved in ethanol: water (1:1) mixture. From this solution 5 ml was taken and filtered with 0.45  µm filter sized syringe filter. This solution was then diluted with mixture of ethanol: water (1:1) up to 10 ml solution to produce RES 1000  µg/ ml equivalent and GYM 5000  µg/ ml equivalent. Assay method validation Preparation of calibration curve For UV-visible Spectrophotometric method individual solutions were prepared in methanol from working standard stock solution to produce 5-25  µg/ ml RES and 25- 125  µg/ ml GYM solution. Benzoyl chloride 10  µL was added to each solution. Then these solutions were analyzed in methanol at three different wavelengths at 303 nm, 318.4 nm and 349 nm. Calibration curve here made up was absorbance v/s concentration. For HPTLC method different aliquots of were taken from standard stock solution to make final concentration of RES 1000  µg/ ml and GYM 5000  µg/ ml in the same solution. Then different aliquots were spotted on activated TLC plate. The concentration of RES was varied between (5-25)  µg/ spot while for GYM it was (25-125)  µg/ spot. Then plate was developed in mobile phase and was developed to scan as mention above at 575 nm. Calibration curve here made was peak area v/s concentration of constituents. Accuracy (recovery) For UV-visible spectrophotometer solution of standard RES was added to previously analyzed sample solution at three different levels (80%, 100 % and 120%). Same procedure been followed to have a GYM accuracy by adding standard stock solution at three different levels (80%, 100 % and 120%). Amount of standard RES added was (8, 10 and 12  µg/ ml) to 10  µg/ ml sample solution. Amount of standard GYM added was (40, 50 and 60  µg/ ml) to 50  µg/ ml sample solution. For HPTLC known amount standard solution of RES (8, 10 12  µg/ ml) and GYM (40, 50 60  µg/ ml) added to previously analyzed sample solution having concentration of RES 10  µg/ spot and GYM 50  µg/ spot. Precision The intra-day and inter-day precision of proposed methods were determined by estimating corresponding responses three times on the same day and on three different days for three different concentrations. For UV-Visible spectroscopy RES concentrations were 8, 10 and 12  µg/ ml measured at wavelengths 318.4 nm and 349 nm.GYM concentrations were 45, 50 and 60  µg/ ml measured at wavelengths 303 nm and 349 nm. For HPTLC three different dilutions were made having both RES and GYM in those solutions ranging (RES 9, 10 and 12.5  µg/spot) and GYM (45, 50 and 62.5  µg/ spot). For repeatability in HPTLC, sample solution containing 10  µg/spot RES and 50  µg/ spot GYM was measured in terms of response. LOD LOQ The sensitivity of analytical method was evaluated by determining LOD and LOQ. They are measured by following equations: LOD: 3.3 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³/ S LOQ: 10 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  S Here, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³ is standard deviation of intercept and S is slope in linearity equation. Specificity For HPTLC spots were scanned for its purity with standard sample and checked whether they give a same response or not. This was done by spectral scanning in WinCats HPTLC. Robustness The robustness of methods was studied by analyzing the same samples of RES and GYM with deliberate change in parameters. The changes in responses were noted. For HPTLC, spots scanned at ( ± 2 nm) and mobile phase ratio change was performed. For UV-Visible method solutions were scanned at ( ± 2 nm). 3. Results and Discussions Simultaneous estimation of RES and GYM was difficult task because they are isolated from herbal source and they have RES: GYM ratio 1:5 in marketed formulations. System suitability parameters System suitability run for HPTLC was performed before each validation run. Five replicate spots were made. Parameters monitored were Rf value and Peak areas of them. (Table 2) Table 2: System suitability Parameters HPTLC Optimization of Method For HPTLC Various experimental conditions such as the mobile phase and the wavelength of detection were optimized to achieve accurate, precise and reproducible results for the estimation of RES and GYM. Good resolution and sharp peaks with minimum tailing of these drugs (Rf RES 0.78, Rf GYM 0.236) was obtained by using mobile phase Chloroform: Methanol : Glacial acetic acid (13: 4 :0.5%) at wavelength of detection 575 nm. Figure 3 : optimized Chromatogram of HPTLC, RES (10  µg/spot) GYM ( 50  µg/spot) Figure 4: Wavelength selection for HPTLC of RES and GYM For UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Form overlain spectra (Figure 5) of methanolic solution of RES and GYM three wavelengths were finalized for analysis 303 nm, 318.4 nm and 349 nm. The method here used for simultaneous estimation is Q ratio method. Here both of constituents are measured at 349 nm isoabsorptive point and 303 nm and 318.4 nm GYM and RES respectively. Figure 5: wavelength selection after derivatization of GYM, BCL (Benzoyl Chloride) and RES Method validation of proposed methods Optimized methods were validated in compliance with ICH guidelines. The results of various parameters are discussed following: Linearity For UV Spectrophotometric method, linear correlation was obtained between absorbance and concentration for RES 5-25  µg/ ml at 318.4 nm 349 nm and GYM 25-125  µg/ ml 303 nm 349nm.( Table 3) For HPTLC method, linear correlations were obtained between peak area and concentration of RES was 5-25  µg/spot and GYM was 25- 125 µg/spot. (Table 4) Accuracy The percentage recovery values of RES and Gym were obtained in the range of 98% to 103 %, and relative standard deviation values for both constituents in two methods were less then 2%, it shows that methods are accurate for both constituents. Values are shown in table 3 and 4. Precision Inter-day and intra-day variation in quantification of RES and GYM showed that RSD values were always less than 2% during the analysis by both methods. These low RSD values show that methods are precise. Values of precision studies for UV spectrometry and HPTLC are in table 3 and 4 respectively. LOD and LOQ For UV-Visible spectrometry method LOD and LOQ for RES was found to be 0.09 µg/ml and 0.28 µg/ml respectively. LOD and LOQ for GYM were 0.63 µg/ml and 1.92 µg/ml respectively. For HPTLC method LOD and LOQ for RES were 0.065  µg/spot and 0.20  µg/ spot respectively. LOD and LOQ for GYM were 1.2  µg/spot and 3.87  µg/spot respectively. Specificity For HPTLC method, a good correlation was obtained between standard and sample spectra of RES and GYM correlation suggests that there in no interference in quantification of RES and GYM. Robustness Robustness of the methods was studied by performing assays of RES and GYM in capsule formulation. The parameters are deliberately altered and changes were recorded. Assay values were calculated in the changed parameters. Methods proved to be robust, because assay values in changed parameters were within limits. Assay of marketed formulation Assay of Resveratrol plus from ZENITH nutrition was performed in both the methods. Results of assay were compared with corresponding amounts claimed on capsule. The assay results are shown in table 3 4. Table 3: UV-Visible method Validation parameters Table 4: HPTLC Validation Parameters Conclusion Developed HPTLC and UV-Visible Spectrophotometric method was found to be simple, accurate, precise, rapid, sensitive and robust for the estimation of RES and GYM in combined dosage form. The validation data and recovery shows that methods are free from inferences of excipients used in formulations. Thus method is useful for both constituents to be estimated by both methods. References x

The Theme of Marriage in Jane Austens Pride And Prejudice Essays

The Theme of Marriage in Jane Austen's Pride And Prejudice One of the main themes in Pride And Prejudice is marriage. Throughout the novel, the author describes the various types of marriages and reasons behind them. "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. The novel demonstrates how many women need to marry men they are not in love with simply in order to gain financial security. The first instance of marriage seen in the novel is that between Mr and Mrs Bennet. However it is far from perfect, with the couple barely speaking to each other. Mr Bennet's extreme sarcasm that is seen throughout the book makes Mrs Bennet seem incompetent to hold a conversation and indeed at times a relationship. "They are silly and ignorant, like other girls". Austen uses the Bennet's relationship to illustrate at the beginning of the book that clearly many did not marry because of love or connection but merely for social and financial acceptance. The Longbourn estate is an extreme hardship on the Bennet family; it produces a hurdle in Mrs Bennet's goal to get all of her children married. The entailment of Mr Bennet's estate leaves his daughters in a poor financial situation, which both requires them to marry and makes it more difficult for them to marry. It might be correct in assuming that Mrs Bennet felt social and financial pressure to get all of her children married. Her husband's estate was entailed to his nephew, Mr. Collins. Therefore, Mrs. Bennet wanted her daughters to have financial stability elsewhere in case of their father's death. "If you go on refusing eve... .... Austen creates a character that is not special in any particular way but is yet so perfect to fulfil the role of a wife. We see that she is well dressed, educated, and creative. It is these qualities that attract Darcy as well as Elizabeth's apparent unwillingness to actually marry. Ultimately Elizabeth wants to marry for love. She turns down Mr Collins, even though he could have offered her a comfortable position in life and Mr Darcy, even with his fortune of  £10 000 a year. Austen uses different characters and their relationships to represent to the reader different aspects of marriage. Austen wants to create the perfect marriage but in doing this shows the reader that no marriage is perfect. She highlights how money and social status was far more desirable in the 19th century then true love and appreciation.

King Arthur as ideal representative of the middle ages Essay

Although there is no absolute proof that King Arthur lived, the historical and literary information has made him an ideal representative of the middle ages. The Middle Ages have always been an intriguing field of study for historians and archeologists around the world. Because of historians and archeologist, we have a history foundation that goes back to the beginning of time. However, the issue that is under debate and gives historians the most controversies is in era of the Middle Ages. The topic of debate that gives historians bring up the most about the middle ages is the legend of King Arthur. Over the past millennium, the story of King Arthur has been past down from generation to generation. From the movie Excalibur, to the famous Broadway plays about King Arthur, he has always been portrayed as the gallant king who saves the day and is undefeatable in battles. But the truth about Arthur has come under much criticism, many of historians have argued about if he really existed or was he just a myth. In fact, there have been rumors that three Arthur’s that lived during that time frame, but which one was the true king Arthur? This is the reason why he has come under so much criticism in the past decade. Another reason why historians are skeptical to the true existence is that the dates when he had been known to live do not add up. There are different periods for battles the he supposedly fought in and had he fought in them, he would have been over a hundred years old. Historians have said that this would have been impossible due to the Black Plague and numerous other plagues going on during that time. There is truth behind the legendary King Arthur and there is support to show that he did live, but historians are having a hard time piecing together the facts that are known. Many of writers who have dared to write about him have had to do intensive research about the legendary Arthur, with little or unknown evidence to support the truth about him. Historians have had to deal with little known information, only able to piece part of what little known fact that there are. The truth about King Arthur will be under debate long after I am gone but I would like to know the truth about the legendary King Arthur, Merlin and the truth to the lady in the lake and Excalibur. The earliest accounts of King Arthur were discovered in the Celtic, Latin, and French resources. They show that he was from a royal bloodline. Latin sources show that his real father was King Uther Pendragon. The story tells how King Urther fell in love with Queen Igraye of Cornwall who was married. And with the aid of Merlin a Celtic magician, Uther took the form of the Duke of Cornwall and seduced Queen Igraye and so conceived Arthur. He was raised without the knowledge of his true royal ancestry and grew up as a knight’s squire. Until one day, he was required to go fetch the knight’s sword where he came upon the sword in the stone and pulled it out of the stone. The story behind the stone is that Authur’s true Dad died and Britain was without a true king and so Merlin the magician put the sword in the stone, saying that the true king of Britain will pull the sword from the stone. † Arthur succeeded the throne at the early age of fifteen after proving his royalty and chastity by drawing the famous magic sword, Excalibur, from the stone. In his first major conquest he subdued the Saxons and expanded his control over Scotland, Ireland, Iceland, and the Orkneys, and established a period of peace for over twelve years. There is much in the pursuit of the issue if Arthur was of historical value to the middle ages. There is no absolute evidence, but it is possible that Arthur was Briton or Roman-Briton king who led the Celtics against the Anglo-Saxons in the early 8th century.† (Americana, Arthurian Romances, 1972) The kings of the medieval period were warlords that protected a particular area of land; they surrounded themselves with knights who swore allegiance in battle in exchange for gifts of gold, armor, and land. There have been three basic charter descriptions of Arthur, which detail the characteristics of the â€Å"real† king Arthur. In the earliest descriptions he’s portrayed as a fierce, feared warrior, capable of tremendous prowess in hand to hand combat. Described by the Welsh priest, Nessius in his Latin Historia Brillonum, Arthur was â€Å"chosen twelve times to lead the Celts, Arthur carried the image of the Virgin and won twelve battles, the last being at Mt. Badon in which he killed 960 of the enemy singly handedly† (Americana). The second image of Arthur is that of a â€Å"peripheral figure whose presence is felt mainly as a social force of arbiter of chivalric excellence†(Americana). A Welshman named Goeffrey of Monmouth was the first to describe the characters and stories we are familiar with today. In the Historia Rogum Britanniae, Geoffrey tells of Arthur’s siring through and adulterous relationship between Uther Pendragon and Igraine. He also introduces the magician Merlin and describes Arthur’s eventual resting-place on the isle of Avalon. In later treatment of Arthurian legends such s Thomas Mallory’s Le Morte Darthur, Arthur is depicted as a more two dimensional character. There is a naive side portrayed be the king, like when he refuses to see the romance between Guinevere, his wife, and Lancelot, a knight, although there are many warnings. For instance, when the affair is revealed, Arthur’s impetuous actions begin the downfall of his court. He condemns Gueniverer to death, forcing Lancelot to save her. In rescuing Guenivere, Lancelot inadvertently kills Gwain, brother and creator of the feud between Gwain and Lancelot. Throughout it all, Arthur is blind and naive and is swept up by events outside his control. There is evidence that Arthur is lost without the advice of the magician Merlin. Arthur does not always understand the implications of the events and is unable to draw his own conclusions without Merlin’s help. Arthur is without full understanding of his actions and causes the end of Camelot and of his reign. Arthur was killed by his illegitimate son Mordred, whom Arthur fathered in an ancesturous relationship with his half -sister Morgan Le Fay. As is presented in many of the later Arthurian stories, Arthur is duped by Mordred’s magical powers, and showing his susceptibility to trickery. The cause of it was when the Roman ambassadors arrived in Camelot demading tribute. Rejecting their offer, he set sail to confront the Roman forces, leaving his son Mordred as vice regent. After conquering the Romans, Arthur heard of news that Mordred had an uprising and his goal was to over through King Arthur. Arthur returned to Camelot where a bitter battle was fought between the rebels and the loyal subjects. The king killed Mordred, but was severely wounded himself. He was carried away secretly to the secret aisle of Avalon, the Celtic Mythology island of the blessed souls, to be healed of his wounds. Arthur returned to Camelot, but legend says he will someday come back to rule over England again. Merlin first appears in the Middle ages as a mere prophet, but his role gradually evolved into that of a magician and advisor, active in all phases of the administration of Arthur’s kingdom. He was apparently given the name Ambrosias at his birth in Caer-Fy Riddin (Carmorthen). He later became known as Merlin a Latinized version of the Welsh word Myrddin, taken from the place of his birth. Geoffrey of Monmouth was thought to have invented the name Merlin, most likely because he invented everything else in his stories. Merlin’s was the illegitimate son of the royal princess of Dyfed. His father was Kind Meurig, who was not found in the traditional pedigrees of the kingdom and was more than likely a sub-king of the region of Coredigion. Merlin’s father was known to be an angel who had visited the royal nun and left her with a child. Merlin’s enemies claim that his father was an evil spirit that had sex with women while they were sleeping. The evil child was to provide a counter weight to the good influence of Jesus on earth. Merlin was baptized when he was young, which is said to have negated his evil nature. The original story was presumably invented to save his mother from the scandal which would have occurred had her liaison with one Morfyn Frych, a minor price of the house of Coel, been made public knowledge. Legend has it that when Merlin grew up that he inherited his grandfather’s kingdom, but instead abandoned his land in favor of the mysterious life he has become so well known for. He was known for his aiding of Unther Pendrogon in his deception of changing him into Gorloris the Duke of Cornwall who then seduces Queen Ygerna and she conceives Arthur. After Arthur’s birth, Merlin became the young boys tutor. In his defining moment of Arthur’s career, Merlin arranged for the Sword in the Stone contest by which Arthur becomes king. Later Merlin meets the mystic Lady of the Lake at the Fountain of Barenton and persuaded her to present the king with the magical sword Excalibur. In the Romances, Merlin’s the creator of the round table and is closely involved in aiding and directing the events of the king and the kingdom of Camelot. In the book by Geoffrey of Monmouth he is pictured at the end of Arthur’s life accompanying the wounded Arthur to the Isle of Avalon for the healing of Arthur’s wounds. According to Geoffrey’s â€Å"Vita Merlini†(c.1151) Merlin was a sixth century prophet living in the north of Britain where his career extended beyond Arthur’s. These same scholars believe that there were two Melin’s, Myrddin Emrys and Myrddin Wylt. The fact the Merlin apparently lived from â€Å"the reign of Vortigern (c420) to the reign of Riderech Huel (c580)† would certainly support this view. Cadbury Castle is the best known and most interesting of the reported sights of Camelot. Cadbury is an absolute hill of limestone and sandstone. The summit is about 500 feet above the sea level with a wide view of central Somerset, including the Four at Glastonbury, which is12 miles away, and in clear weather Brent knoll and beyond. It had four lines of bank and ditch defense. The first known to refer to Cadbury as Camelot is John Leland in 1542. He says â€Å"At the very south, end of the church of South-Cadbri standith Camallate sometimes a famous town or castle†¦.The people can tell nothing there but that they have heard Arthur much resorted to Camelot†. Skeptics have agrees that there was no real local tradition, or perhaps a vague tradition of Arthur only and that the evocative name is a guess of Leland prompted by the Queen Camel. Yet he speaks of Camelot without any discussions as a recognized fact, and his spelling with an A instead of an O in the last syllable may echo a local pronunciation. Whatever the people of the neighborhood were saying in 1542 they have certainly cherished Arthurian lore since then. Cadbury hills has it’s legends, one midsummer eve or midsummer night ( opinions differ and some say it only every seven years) Arthur and his knights ride over the hilltop and down through the ancient gateway, and their horses drink at a spring besided Sutton Montis Church. Whether or not they can be seen, their hoof beats can be heard. Below the hill are traces of an old track, running toward Glatonburg, called Arthur’s lane or Hunting Causeway where a noise of spectral riders and hounds goes past on a winter’s night. Cadbury never had a castle; the fortified hill itself was the castle. The Rev. James Bennett of south Cadbury carried out the first small excavation of Cadbury Hill. In a paper published in 1890, he told how he had cut a trench through the top rampart and judged that it was built up in layers over a long time. This was found true. In 1913, H. St. George Gray excavated again, chiefly near the southwest entrance, finding objects that showed that people were on the hill in the late Iron Age just before the Roman Conquest. The crucial step from the Arthurian point of view did not come until the middle 1950’s. Part of the enclosure was ploughed; and a local archeologist named Mrs. Mary Hartfield picked up flints and potsherds, which appeared on the surface in the upturned soil. Among these Dr. Raleigh Radford recognizes pottery of the type he had found at Tingel, which proved that somebody had lived here at about the time of Arthur, and most likely a person of wealth, who could import luxury goods. The interest thus aroused led to the formation of the Camelot Research Committee. It became clear that British Celts of the Iron Age had not only built the earth works defense, but reconstructed the top bank several times as Bennett suspected a village flourished on the plateau for hundred of years. In a central and commanding position on the high part of the hill called Arthur’s Palace, the foundation of a timber hall came to light. It was 63ft. by 34ft. Their walls were marked by postholes cut in the bedrock. In outline, it resembled the hall of Castle Dore, but there were grounds for inferring more skillful workmanship quality rather than size. In this building the chief warriors would have assembled, feasted, listened to minstrels, planned campaigns, most important of all was the discovery which was made in the bank. The three quarter mile perimeter of the hill, cuts through it in several places, now refilled like the entrance, revealed across section like layer cake, with strata one above another showing how the ram art had been rebuilt at various times over the centuries. The defensive system surrounding the hill made an impression in keeping with the period. The wall itself, with its timber bracing and super structure, was very like what the British Celts were building before the Roman Conquest. It incorporated fragments of Roman masonary, salvaged from derelict buildings but it was strictly a national piece of work. The truth about the real King Arthur, is an issue that will be around until the truth is revealed about him. Historian and archeologist have debated this issue for over a millennium with no were getting to the truth about him. They have found that he did exist, but will they ever come to the agreement about him. For know we will have to live with folklore to the existence of the true King Arthur.

Free Essays on MIOPÍA DE MERCADOTÉCNIA

Toda empresa que se encuentre en actividad esta conformada por dos elementos esenciales: producto y mercado, durante mucho tiempo las empresas han buscado desarrollar nuevos productos que les permitan obtener atractivos mrgenes de utilidad y los esfuerzos de esta bà ºsqueda generalmente se enfocaban al producto, sin embargo, hoy en dà ­a la atencià ³n debe ser dirigida principalmente a detectar necesidades latentes en el consumidor, y producir satisfactores que el mercado identifique como soluciones a su necesidad. Charles W. Lamben en su libro Marketing seà ±ala a la miopà ­a de mercadotecnia como "la definicià ³n de un negocio en tà ©rminos de bienes y servicios, mas que en los beneficios buscados por el consumidor", es decir el negocio tiene como punto de partida al producto y no la necesidad del consumidor. Jerry McCarthy y Phil Kotler propusieron hace ya mas de dos dà ©cadas cuatro elementos base que integraban lo que denominaron mezcla de mercadotecnia o las 4P's -Producto, Precio, Plaza y Promocià ³n- y desde entonces han sido estos los que han marcado la pauta en la planeacià ³n de marketing, sin embargo, con las nuevas tendencias originadas por los grandes cambios a los que nos ha sometido la era de la informacià ³n, la tecnologà ­a y la competencia, es conveniente recapacitar sobre la situacià ³n actual y las variantes que pudieran aplicarse a las famosas 4P's. Bob Lauterborn director de comunicaciones de mercadotecnia y publicidad corporativa de International Paper Co., hace una propuesta llamada las 4C's en donde propone cambiar el enfoque clsico de McCarthy y Kotler sutituyendo al producto por el consumidor, al precio por el costo, a la plaza por la conveniencia y a la promocià ³n por la comunicacià ³n. El producto por el Consumidor. Lauterborn propone cambiar el enfoque del producto hacia el consumidor, buscar a los consumidores y descubrir sus necesidades; entonces y no antes fabricar el producto a comercializar. ... Free Essays on MIOPà A DE MERCADOTÉCNIA Free Essays on MIOPà A DE MERCADOTÉCNIA Toda empresa que se encuentre en actividad esta conformada por dos elementos esenciales: producto y mercado, durante mucho tiempo las empresas han buscado desarrollar nuevos productos que les permitan obtener atractivos mrgenes de utilidad y los esfuerzos de esta bà ºsqueda generalmente se enfocaban al producto, sin embargo, hoy en dà ­a la atencià ³n debe ser dirigida principalmente a detectar necesidades latentes en el consumidor, y producir satisfactores que el mercado identifique como soluciones a su necesidad. Charles W. Lamben en su libro Marketing seà ±ala a la miopà ­a de mercadotecnia como "la definicià ³n de un negocio en tà ©rminos de bienes y servicios, mas que en los beneficios buscados por el consumidor", es decir el negocio tiene como punto de partida al producto y no la necesidad del consumidor. Jerry McCarthy y Phil Kotler propusieron hace ya mas de dos dà ©cadas cuatro elementos base que integraban lo que denominaron mezcla de mercadotecnia o las 4P's -Producto, Precio, Plaza y Promocià ³n- y desde entonces han sido estos los que han marcado la pauta en la planeacià ³n de marketing, sin embargo, con las nuevas tendencias originadas por los grandes cambios a los que nos ha sometido la era de la informacià ³n, la tecnologà ­a y la competencia, es conveniente recapacitar sobre la situacià ³n actual y las variantes que pudieran aplicarse a las famosas 4P's. Bob Lauterborn director de comunicaciones de mercadotecnia y publicidad corporativa de International Paper Co., hace una propuesta llamada las 4C's en donde propone cambiar el enfoque clsico de McCarthy y Kotler sutituyendo al producto por el consumidor, al precio por el costo, a la plaza por la conveniencia y a la promocià ³n por la comunicacià ³n. El producto por el Consumidor. Lauterborn propone cambiar el enfoque del producto hacia el consumidor, buscar a los consumidores y descubrir sus necesidades; entonces y no antes fabricar el producto a comercializar. ...

Human Trafficking

Human Trafficking Free Online Research Papers By definition human trafficking is the commerce and trade in the movement or migration of people, legal and illegal, including both legitimate labor activities as well as forced labor. Human trafficking is now one of the fastest growing criminal industries in the world, with the total annual revenue for trafficking in persons estimated to be between $5 billion and $9 billion. The Council of Europe states that people who are being trafficked has reached epidemic proportions over the past decade, with a global annual market of about $42.5 billion. Trafficking victims typically are recruited using deception, fraud, the abuse of power, or outright abduction. Threats, violence, and economic leverage such as debt forgiveness and the promise of a â€Å"good† life can persuade a victim into being exploited. When I first started to research the issue of human trafficking I really did not know as much as I thought I knew about the issue. Soon I started to understand the economics of such a business, how easy it is to make lots of money, how universal the demand, how difficult it is to prosecute. Human trafficking is a low-risk, high-profit enterprise, and because it looks to the casual observer and even to cops like garden variety prostitution, it is tolerated. And worse, it is growing. At the beginning of my research I learned about a girl named Shauna. In Shaunas case, she made friends with a new girl at school. Shauna described the girls so-called father as a guy who hired Shauna and her new friend to clean condos. He always gave them money for the mall and she remembers that he was always very attentive to her. She says she could never have predicted that the man would hurt her. The father turned out to be a trafficker and the new friend was his recruiter. How could a high school girlfriend be part of such a terrible plot? The father or one of his cohorts slipped Shauna a date rape drug in a glass of water. She was beaten and raped repeatedly by a group of men. Shauna says that she remembers talk of money changing hands and a conversation about going to Texas. When she was finally dropped off after her captors were threatened by investigators, she was overdosing on six different drugs and had to be revived three times on the way to the hospital. The trafficking operations are described by law enforcement as being mob-like networks; some are mom and pop, still others are local city-wide networks. The kids are either brought to a prostitution district or they are moved around to large work sites like New Orleans, and the Mississippi coast or they are even moved around to convention cities. They are brought to where there is demand, something which, experts will tell you, exists everywhere across the United States. Research Papers on Human TraffickingThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceDefinition of Export Quotas19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtGenetic EngineeringMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeTwilight of the UAW

Aristotle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aristotle - Essay Example At that juncture, Aristotle left Plato’s school and went off to have other adventures as a philosopher and teacher. Eventually Aristotle moved to the court of Philip of Macedonia, and became a teacher to Philip’s son, Alexander. Alexander would later become Alexander the Great, a military leader whose methods are still studied in military schools around the world. Aristotle’s influence on Alexander is evidenced by how he treated his enemies and conquered peoples. Aristotle taught Alexander until he assumed the role of king at the age of 18. In Aristotle’s lifetime he wrote many major works, but only 31 survive currently (IEP). Aristotle’s influence is world wide because his mind formed the basis of schools of philosophy for 2000 years and was used to reconcile church faith to education and logic. Authors Roy Matthews, DeWitt Platt, and Thomas Noble state that Aristotle â€Å"had the most comprehensive mind of the ancient world. His curiosity and va st intellect led him into every major field of inquiry of his time, except mathematics and music† (Matthews, Platt and Noble 74). Thus, Aristotle’s influence is wide. Schools of philosophy formed around Aristotle’s ideas. ... Having an effect on the theology of a church begs the question then, how much influence did Aristotle have on faith, rather than reason, and does this influence water down Christianity? Does philosophy belong within religion, which is supposed to be based on faith alone? During the dark ages there were some areas of light. Rulers, who would try to educate some of their subjects, made this light. Two outstanding educator rulers were King Alfred of England and Charlemagne, King of the Franks. European education died out when these two rulers passed from the world scene, but later a teacher, Abelard, who was affiliated with the University of Paris, would again go to Aristotle’s restored works to try to reconcile the church dogma with philosophy to end the rivalry between logic and faith. Aristotle was the bridge to achieve this peace. His logic in deconstructing an argument still is a standard and elementary concepts presented in any philosophy class. In the Poetics for example, Aristotle reasons the basic units of society and how they evolve into a state. He relates how man is a political being and gives advice about how humans need to live in a political state. These musings form some of the basis for western thought and politics that Americans use. The Founding Fathers used works of philosophy such as those of Aristotle as well as those from Enlightenment of the 1600s who were wrestling with science or reason over faith. The American founders put their faith in reason by separating church from state, as politics should not be faith based but based on logic and rationality devoid of any faith whatsoever. However, the current political field in the U. S. seems to have forgotten these basic philosophical rules when appealing

O. J. Simpson Crimial Trial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

O. J. Simpson Crimial Trial - Essay Example Yet another reason for his acquittal related to the fact that DNA evidence, which was relatively new in trials, was doubtable as noted by Eliot (1995). In order for the court to prove that someone has committed murder, four elements must be proved. Harris, Thomas, Fisher and Hirsch (2002) state that the elements of murder in this sense include killing, with malice aforethought, by another human being, unlawfully as noted by). Yet again, the killing has to be of a human being for murder to apply. Malice in this sense constitutes having the intent to kill, intent to engage in a dangerous felony, intent to harm a person’s body seriously without causing death, or irresponsible indifference to cause to human life risk that is high and that cannot be justified (Harris, Thomas, Fisher and Hirsch, 2002). From the trial, the defense team succeeded in convincing the jury that there was not sufficient evidence to link James to the murder of the two victims. As a result, the accused was acquitted only later to be convicted for the wrongful death of