Color and Psychological Functioning: The Effect of Red Essay

INTRODUCTIONThe look into is conducted to study whether or not the modify influence rousing. color in is everywhere. Everyone encounters assorted burnishs everyday. Our perceptual experiences be greatly strickleed by the different colourations surrounding us. Past studies view reported that mask do affect our physics, physiology and psychology scarce on that point is a scarcity of literature regarding color perception and its effects on our psychological functioning (Fehrman & Fehrman, 2004 Whitfield & Wiltshire, 1990). Only hardly a(prenominal) studies collect been done earlier to support this hypothesis that blushing(a) color has damaging affect on instruction execution. Elliote et al. (2007) hypothesized that red color impair performance because it evokes escape motivation.Different studies concord foc apply on effect of color on performance graspment and the affirmatory quality of color in achieving racy performance. m whatever studies entertain re ported the influence of red color on psychological performance. Researchers take hold been trying to find out those colors that would achieve utmost performance and improve learning capability among students.According to G honest-to-goodnessstein (1942) our automobile trunk interacts with different colors and reacts, which is manifested in our psychological functioning. He proposed the idea that few colors be disagreeable for human perception and hence when we encompass them their outcomes negate our performance. Similarly, some colors ar agreeable and have positive wedge on our performance. Those with longer wavelength be arousing (red) and have negative impact on our performance bandage those with shorter wavelength (neutral) be cooling and calming and have positive impact on our performance.Audio and optical stimuli increases blood conflate in cerebral cortex has been used as an affordable technique for different kind of diseases (Othmer, 2004). Whatever the stimulant be, arousal is a operator that attracts and alerts the head. Arousal from practice of medicine bottom have varying impact. Music that is fast arouses brain function term unmingledal harmony may have just the opposite affect. Rock music is arousal darn classic music is calming. Studies have reported that audio- optic entertainment tin be used as stimulant for brain to work actively (Othmer, 2004).Arousal is an of import part of our brain functioning. Brains cortical arousal is give tongue to to be directly cor related to with the improved performance and determine how fountainhead brain rear perform. In too much excitement brain releases alpha or theta and hence to pay concern on whatsoever job is not possible. One study has shown that sway music hatful reduce hyperactivity (Cripe, 1986).Purpose of the study is to determine whether game visual or audio arousal affects persons capability of manageing questions of sit down passage. The rationale is to find out the affect of visual and audio arousal on psychological functioning of mind during the process of deep intellection and understanding.Hypothesis departure color has high visual arousal and can impair persons thinking process and delay their responses to resolving questions of SAT passage.MethodParticipantsFourteen (6 male and 8 female) UCLA undergraduates participated in the essay as a requirement to complete the class. Participants was restricted to any single(a) who were native English loud-voicedspeaker systems, did not have a language related disability, and were not red colorblind. The mean age of instrumentalists was 23 years old with a range of 20-25 years.Materials The stimuli used in this investigate were four megabucks of Standardized Test (SAT) question, twain stop watch, two copies of instruction, two speaker and two separated rooms. Each package has 8 SAT englut in the blank questions with same level of difficulty. We are having 16 different packages with differ ent reading passage but the same level of difficulty. The questions were taken from the SAT preparation by Barrons Verbal Section. We divided participants every which room into four different themes. Each group consist 4 participants and individu exclusivelyy participant will experience the same watch of question but in different parliamentary procedure. This will prevent the order effect. There are four different sets of order used in this essay. There are bonnet music red color,Classical music red color,Punk music neutral color,Classical music neutral color octet of them are with the classical music and eight of them are with rock music. For visual arousals we also test with the red and neutral color. Eight of them are with red color and eight of them with neutral color.After sometime each group will be receptive to one condition one by one.  company 1 will be uncovered to Audio (rock), conclave 2 to Audio (classic), Group 3 to red color and Group 4 to white col or. The group that were exposed to rock music while the remaining two groups were exposed to red color and consequently asked to answer other list of questions from the SAT passage.ProcedureThis experiment is 2X2 within-subject experiment. Participants were assigned to all of the four with within-subject experimental conditions the Punk- deprivation, Punk- white, Classical-Red and Classical-White. Anagram performance served as the pendant measure. The prevalent ability is the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) score. Balanced latin square(a) is used in order to avoid specific items effect and order effect. Therefore, in each group they will not be exposed to the same things.         Participants tested individually by an experimenter for blindness. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimenters in this and all subsequent experiments were aware that color played a role in the experiment, but they remained unaware of the color hypotheses througho ut the data collecting process.Participants are divided into four groups with 4 individuals per group. Each participant will be offered to do questions under normal environmental condition.  Balanced Latin square setup will be used to determine which set of experiments will be used for each group participants. Two groups were to be selected for color arousal and two for music arousal. every last(predicate) the participants in the 4 groups were offered to solve questions from SAT passage while time for each participant was noted. After sometime two groups were exposed to rock music while the remaining two groups were exposed to red color and then asked to answer another list of questions from the SAT passage.Subjects of Audio arousal (Rock vs. Classical music) close hearing capabilityNo reading and writing disability each were native English speakersSubjects of Visual Arousal (Red and White color)None were color blindNo reading or writing disabilityAll were native English speak ers ParticipantsPunk-RedPunk-WhiteClassical-RedClassical-White DesignThis experiment was conducted 2X2 within subjects image experiment so each participant experienced both level of variate with the experiment. This experiment deals with two-way design with two level of variable. There are two variable in this experiment freelancer variable and dependent variable. The number 1 independent variable (IV) has two levels. We will be judicial decision audio arousal at two level high and low. We operationally define this as classical music versus rock music. Our second independent variable is visual stimulation.We define visual stimulation as a color that evokes urgency versus one that is neutral (i.e. red vs. white). The control of this experiment is the difficulty of the question, length of the syllable, time, font size of the words, specimen, response type, and presentation style, question order and the presentation style. We also control it by making the agreement lati n square. The balance latin square is used therefore we can conclude that this test is within subject test two way but two levels and the variable manipulated is the level of arousal.ResultsA factorial design (color condition red vs. white) and (audio condition punk vs. classical) within subject analysis of variance was conducted on analogy performance. The result were as follow Punk White M 5.21, SD = 1.477 Punk Red M = 5.00, SD = 1.177 Classical White M = 5.14, SD = 1.748 Classical Red M = 4.64, SD = 1.64. The analysis revealed an effect of premanipulation analogy performance on analogy performance, F (1,13)  = 0.511 The result indicate there are no main effect and no interaction.Our studies show that rock music and red color is arousal and does distract persons attention to perform particular work. However, the impact of red color is not as extensive as rock music. There was statistically significant divagation between the results produced under control condition and roc k music arousal. The answers produced during rock music arousal were not correct or either leftfield blank because of arousal and distraction spend a pennyd by the music.Participants with white ski bindingground color white threat performed significantly better compared to red color.Participants with punk music performed better compared to classical.PW > CW   and PR > CRPW > PR    and CW > CRDiscussion atomic discrepancies in the results and experiment mogul have affected our results. Our predictions were made totally on the basis of previous studies. However, current results collectible to several reasons. Those who were exposed to classical music deviated and their attention was grasped in listening music, hence they performed under the weather on the test. Due to the reason that they were not able to concentrate on reading the passage as music was on. However, punk music didnt grasp their attention as classical music, hence, their performance wa s better while they were hearing punk music.In order to make it better we conceptualize next time we should have be a better research protocols. We need to have a better stimulation and prediction of another variable such as the confounding variable, internal validity and the other. It might be because of the confusion created while answering questions or because questions were not well ordered. almost had akin pattern and some have different pattern. Some of the questions have one fill in the blank and some have two fill in the blanks. One variable like color of the paper itself is a variable and can affect performance and create confusion.We also have a problem with the internal validity with the visual stimulation. There are two level of problem in this case. The first one is the sound of the music. We didnt have a standard for the sound, nigh the loudness (how loud we want). For e.g. when we played punk music, we played it too loud but when we played classical music, it was not as loud as the punk therefore we believe some variations in the result were due to lack of internal validity. One more thing that can affect our experiment results is that punk music has lyrics and the classical didnt have any lyrics at all. Some of the participants when they came out from the punk-music room with lyrics and enter the classical-music room with no lyrics, the participants psychologically will be wondering about the lyrics.Some of the participants can study or concentrate with lyrics and some of them cannot. Mostly with lyrics music on it is harder to answer the questions because our brain function is divided into two. It is hard to focus for two things. Results with the red color show worst performance, hence, when punk-music and red color both were used, the performance was worst of all other group sets. The reason for this is transparent that it is harder to concentrate with such variables that deviate concentration and we tend to focus more on the music tha n on the questions itself.The frequency also gives a high effect on this. There are low frequency and high frequency of sound in music.Color, have a wavelength. Red, have a high wavelength. For example Red has higher wave length then blue. If we add up a variety of different color wavelength we are going to have white. The tone that we get is analog to the white.Color Red is said to be arousal itself. Red color taken was similar to that of blood or heart. Its a classic in nature. Red is used as a sign of danger, in normal everyday life red means to stop or its knockout to continue after that. Color red is considered as sign of bad.A graph shows arousal in inverted U shape. It means that ab initio the level is low then it gains peak and goes high and then back to low again. Other errors occurred were that data was not collected accurately and the sample was small not big.Do you want this below paragraph moldiness be incorporated in the discussion?ReferenceFehrman, K. R., & Fehr man, C. (2004). Color The secret influence (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall.Goldstein, K. (1942). Some experimental observations concerning the influence of colors on the function of the organism. Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation, 21, 147151.Othmer, Siegfried (2004) Applying Audio-Visual Entrainment engineering for Attention and Learning (Part3). Retrieved from http//www.eeginfo.com/newsletter/archive_files/822106688_article_3.pdfWhitfield, T. W., & Wiltshire, T. J. (1990). Color psychology A critical review. Genetic, Social and General psychology Monographs, 116,387412.Elliot, Andrew J., Maier, Markus A., Moller, Arlen C. and Friedman, Ron., Meinhardt, Jorg (2007). Color and Psychological mathematical operation The Effect of Red onPerformance Attainment. Journal of Experimental Psychology General 2007, Vol. 136, No. 1, 154168