Identity Theft Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Identity Theft - Research constitution ExampleIn this regard, the paper will also assess how these bodies handle such cases. Identity thievery Introduction Identity theft is argued to be a form of stealing persons individuality whereby the thief pretends to be the victim, characteristically in order to have access to resources in the victims name and identity (Vacca, 2003). This form of theft can cause and lead to adverse consequences to the victim in the event of existence held accountable for crimes committed by the thief. According to Hammond, (2003), identity theft takes place when some wiz uses former(a) persons in the flesh(predicate) identification documents or information. Some of the common identification documents or information prone to such effects includes social security number or credit shake number, which are utilize by identity thieves to commit fraud or other related crimes (Hammond, 2003). various systems of how someones identity can be compromised and w hat identity thieves do with stolen identity Stealing is one and most common method used by identity thieves to obtain victims personal information. This in the main happens in the streets whereby thieves snatches or steals a purse or wallet (Social engineering framework, 2011). This can also come in the form of identity victims kidnapping victims and asking them to disclose their personal information. Using this method, identity thieves can go further to commit various crimes using the victims personal identification documents or information. Dumpster nose dive is a method used by identity thieves by a way of rummaging through the other persons trash for them to look for some personal information that can aid them ready an attack (Social engineering framework, 2011). In some cases, people dump vital personal information documents without existence aware of the danger they pose. However, some documents are dumped after being considered irrelevant or after being used. Identity th ieves can use such information obtained from peoples trash to commit a crime. Skimming is a situation where the thief uses a special device to store victims personal information. Skimming is a form of high-tech technique whereby thieves scan or swipe victims credit or bank card in order to get off the magnetic strip (Social engineering framework, 2011). This is common in areas where victims use their personal documents to purchase items or services. Phishing is another method used to by identity thieves to obtain personal information of their victims. They pretend to be a monetary institution or other organizations that people presume to be genuine. They send a malicious telecommunicate in the effort to encourage their victims to enter specific information (Vacca, 2003). Unknowingly, victims provide all their personal information, which is used by the impersonators. Changing of address is also used by identity thieves whereby they change victims address mostly in situations where victims have to fill out a change of address form. They can transfer victims bills after ordering high ticket items. Pretexting is also another method used by identity thieves by a way of using false pretense to obtain the victims personal information for them to use it to carryout various crimes (Vacca, 2003). Thombstone theft is another method used to steel personal information. It involves stealing dead person

Australian Legal Professional Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Australian Legal Professional hold - Essay ExampleFurther, the education and training of legal practitioners whitethorn excessively be necessary in other beas where more personal, moral know-how and sagaciousness may be necessary. This may be required as the operations of the legal framework often will jaw for informed opinions and in-depth know-how mainly due to the dynamics of human relations and the modern society, which make up the epicenter of legal formula. One of these areas that really call for legal ethics and professional responsibleness from lawyers is that of the nature, dynamics, and the effects of family violence, where areas like sexual assault found at the center of the family violence context is given critical regard and review. In support of the personal responsibility to be exercised by lawyers in this area, is that consistent definitive meanings of family aggression across the varied legislative schemes viz. the state and regions need to be clearly u nderstood. This is the case, as a common understanding of the types of the varied manoeuvre that constitute or amount to family violence is to be formed or understood. The professional responsibility of the lawyers is to a fault called upon, in the cases where implementation gaps are evident for example in the area of sexual assault, mainly because indite law and the manage in operation often are not in line with individually other. Such a case is traceable in the case where some individuals, parties or localities give precondition to myths and misconceptions related to the nature and the dynamics to be considered.... This paper will be a documentation of the exculpation for this varied approach in the practice of law which is supposed to provide a more accommodative field of practice, and give reasons and justifications as to why it is not enough for a lawyer to simply prolong the guidelines of legal practice. The paper will also explain on what other sources or resources may be useful towards a more effective legal practice with reference to Australian legal practice (Milne 112)(Zines 130). The elemental proposition in question is that lawyers despite being guided by the Legal practice guidelines, have to employ their ethical and professional sense of responsibility in the making or arriving at distinctive resolutions. This is the case, as the guidelines simply offer a basic framework within which the ultimate close is to tend but not any definite resolutions regarding the issues at hand. In this case, the moral and professional judgment of the lawyers is to be put to use in defining the appropriate course of action or finale to be taken, for the case at hand. This papers argument is fully in agreement with the basic proposition in question and will be backed up by solid picture to precisely show how the personal as well as the moral judgment of the Lawyer are a major requirement in legal practice, if only legal practice is to be totally accommodative of each case and legal situation (Howard 75). Further, the education and training of legal practitioners may also be necessary in other areas where more personal, moral know-how and judgment may be necessary. This may be required as the operations of the legal framework often will call for informed opinions and in-depth know-how mainly due

Mercy killer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Mercy killer - Essay display caseThe cases were recorded in Zurich, information was obtained by the medical facilities and letters by the dead patients were analyzed to adventure step to the fore and understand the cause which lead them to take such decisions (Fischer 334). While conducting this study, the researchers were fit to find out and analyze the causes given both by the physicians and the patients who were supposedly in severe pain due to the affection and hence they took the decision of runing and undergoing euthanasia. Also, both(prenominal) of the reasons were long-term disability of the patients due to some neurologic overturn or accidents that caused the patients to require long-term care i.e. for years or even permanent disability leading them to a life that is relied completely on others. Other reasons include a mutual decision taken both by the patients and their physicians in whom the patients had the right to control their death, they thought they have l ost the right to live, some patients think that they cannot live further or perform their daily chores and are now relying on others and that is impact their dignity as well as living a life of no reason, they chose to end their lives (Fischer 336). During the research, the researchers were able to identify physical, social and psychological reason as the main ones behind opting for euthanasia.It was further concluded that physicians who perform euthanasia are supposed to report cases which are medical in nature because the law of Zurich demands a medical professional to report a case undergoing euthanasia due some medical reasons that led a patient to opt for it. Also, demographic brokers were identified between patients who opted to undergo euthanasia. Gender was another factor identified behind the reasons for opting euthanasia. It was observed that male population did not report pain but bolshy of control

World Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

World Politics - Essay ExampleThe exploitation res publicas pick up to adopt policies that conform to the standards required by barons. However, evidence shows that terrorism is one of the latest factors to have influenced the formulation of irrelevant policies. Terrorism doesnt make a distinction betwixt a superpower and a developing race. For this reason, nations have come together to fight the common enemy. Although it has been the hardest task, most nations have prove to be resilient in the fight and have vowed to bring to justice, those suspected to be terrorists and their sympathizers.Nations contrasted policies are major components in world politics (Duncan, Jancar-Webster & Switky, 2009). A nations foreign policy determines how it relates with other nations (Constitutional Rights Foundation, 2014). Most foreign policies consist of a number of strategies chosen by a nation with regard to its interests. These policies help in the maintenance of relations with other nat ions and the achievement of a nations goals. The interaction is moderated in order to gain maximum benefits on international cooperation. The governments incorporate high gear level decision bodies to help them make the soundest decisions. According to Duncan, Jancar-Webster and Switky, foreign policy is put into play by the worlds states, but other players, such as Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).may also make decisions that affect the foreign policy of states (2009, p. 131). Foreign policies were introduced during the world wars. Most nations took the step in order to improve the relations between them and prevent potential wars. There are various factors that influence the foreign relations of a nation these factors determine how a nation will treat the other and ensure that it conducts itself in such a way that it remains relevant to other nations as well as its citizens.Terrorism The

God of small things by arundati roy - is love greater than caste Essay

God of small things by arundati roy - is love greater than caste - Essay eccentricBut does that mean love is stronger than caste? In the case of Ammu and Velutha, it certainly was but only in their eyes. It was not in time conceivable in the eyes of others. Paravans were one of those untouchables that Ammus family had known for a recollective time but never considered them an equal in any sense of the word. For them Paravans were to be treated alike all other untouchables in the landIn Mammachis time, Paravans, like other untouchables were not allowed to crack on public roads, not allowed to c everyplace their upper bodies, not allowed to carry umbrellas. They had to put their hands over their mouths when they spoke, to divert their polluted breath away from those whom they addressed. (p. 71)The novel makes use of some amazing imagery to adequately explain the intensity or enormity of important things. For example, when talking about religion in Kerala, Roy writes Christianity a rrived in a boat and seeped into Kerala like tea from a tea bag. (p.38).Ammu was a young divorced woman with two children who are twins. The author uses imagery and similes again to define Ammus personality Ammu was an unmixable mix. The quad tenderness of motherhood and the reckless rage of a suicide bomber. (p. 44).Divorce in itself was a ample stigma in those times and to get it at a very such age was even more painful for the victim. Ammu had to live in her mothers house, almost like a piano servant since she couldnt even enjoy the dignity of having her own place. She was dependent on her parents for shelter. At that age, which tally to the narrator was a viable, die-able age, Ammu still had sexual urges she still dreamed of being loved and moved(p) and must have fantasized about having a relationship. However being a divorcee, the chances of that ever happening were thin and at 30, she was stuck

To what extent has self-regulation always been central to the workings Essay

To what utmost has self-regulation always been central to the workings of health and safety legislation or is it mainly a post-Robens commissioning development - Essay Examplet of the private ends of its membership--or it may act governmentally in so far as reality policy tasks are delegated to private actors or institutions. Both forms of activity may, indeed, be combined. The process of self-regulation may, moreover, be constrained governmentally in a number of ways--for instance by statutory rules oversight by a governmental agency systems in which ministers approve or draft rules procedures for the public enforcement of self-regulatory rules or mechanisms of participation or accountability. Self-regulation may appear to lack any state involvement unless in reality it may constitute a response to threats by government that if nothing is through with(p) state action will follow.( S.Dawson, P.Willman, A.Clinton and M.Bamford, 1980).A second variable quantity concerns the extent of the role played by self regulators. A full-of-the-moon role may involve the promulgation of rules, the enforcement of these on the ground, and the monitoring of the substantial regulatory process. Self-regulation, however, may be restricted to one of these functions where, for instance, rules are drafted by a self-regulatory organization precisely are enforced and monitored by a public agency. Self-regulation may merely operate as an part within a regulatory regime. (Bernardo Bortolotti, Gianluca Fiorentini, 1999).The degree of binding legal force that attaches to self-regulatory rules is a third variable to be noted. Self-regulation may operate in an informal, non-binding, voluntary manner or it may involve rules of full legal force that are enforceable in the courts. Finally, self-regulatory regimes may vary in their coverage of an industrial sector--they may apply to all those who participate in an activity (perhaps because screening or licensing of entry is applied) or th ey may cover only those who join an association voluntarily. (P.Bartrip, 1996).Following the failed laissez-faire experiment in the ordinal century, a raft of regulation was created to protect the health and safety of

Ethical appraisal of a science research proposal Essay

Ethical appraisal of a science look into proposal - Essay ExampleBlood samples pass on be collected from the volunteers for lymphocyte preparation and desoxyribonucleic acid extraction purposes. By collecting blood samples from volunteers who are receiving methadone replacement therapy, this study aims to determine the eccentric of opioid receptors (i.e. ?, ? and ? ) that contributes to the mechanism of tolerance, drug resistance, and susceptibility to the drug. This study will benefit forensic toxicologists in enabling them allow a more meaningful interpretation of a blood drug concentration found in heroin ab spend cases. This study will test the following hypothesis (1) there is phenotypic inter-individual rendering in the ability of UK population to maintain tolerance to heroin (2) that this variation is a consequence of patrimonial polymorphism in opioid receptors and (3) that individuals with specific genotypes have heightened sensitivity to modifying effects of methadon e replacement therapy. ... To assess the portion of methadone replacement in the patterns of opioid receptor expression, the researcher will re-measure the key receptor levels after the sixth week of methadone replacement period. Aside from identifying volunteers with responsive receptor to methadone replacement therapy, this approach will enable the researcher minimize the potential confounding effect of habitual lifestyle on phenotypically juicy and low expressers. Individuals with high or low levels of receptors and those with responsive phenotype will be classified under subgroups. Eventually, lymphocytes taken from the volunteers will be transformed using Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) to produce immortalized cell lines which will be use as a model system in studying the drug gene interactions that could modulate opiate receptor levels. Identification, Discussion of Ethical Issues, and Control of Ethical Issues Respect for Human Rights Among the honey oil ethical issues that may kick the bucket when conducting a scientific-based research study includes matters that are related to the well-being of another person. As a common rule when conducting the actual research study, the researcher should respect the rights of another person by allowing them to make their receive decision whether or not to participate in this study (Iltis, 2006, p. 126 Gregory, 2003, p. 41). In line with this, Israel and Hay (2006, p. 96) explained that violate caused by research activities is often more likely to involve psychological distress, discomfort, social disadvantage, invasion of silence or infringement of rights more than physical injury. Iltis (2006, p. 139) stated that disrespect occurs when researchers violate

France business code Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

France business code Ethics - Essay ExampleFrance is not only a real country, but one that has moved from economic government ownership and control, to free mart economy. M both large companies in France have been privatized, with France Telecom, Air France, Thales and Renault being examples of plans that have undergone privatization. France enjoys the third largest earning from tourism, being the military personnels most visited tourist destination. Despite these points of strengths, France is greatly affected by cultural dynamics and good constraints.France, officially known as the French Republic is an independent republic in Western Europe. It extends as far as the Mediterranean Sea, the English Channel, the North Sea, the Rhine River and the Atlantic Ocean. Presently, France is the largest country in Europe and overly owns the worlds second-most important exclusive economic zone. While the history of France is always traced back to the Franks, France has developed over time to be a leading democracy and one of the pillars of European Union (EU). Likewise, France had been an arrogant monarchy until the Storming of the Bastille took place on July 14th, 1789 and culminated unto the French Revolution. It was also at this historical juncture that France founded the fundamental rights and freedoms of the French citizens without any exception by making a declaration on the rights of man and those of the French citizen.All the in a higher place developments have given businesses in France a greater impetus. For instance, through the declaration of human rights and freedom, French citizens are able to choose their occupation, including entrepreneurship. Conversely, the aforementioned leadership position is seen in the manner in which it has continued to cover an important global role as one of the permanent member of NATO, the EU, the Great 8, the Great 20 and the United Nations Security Council. Initially, France had been removed from NATO forces or

QFD (Quality Function Deployment) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

QFD (Quality Function Deployment) - Essay ExampleThe Manufacturing Engineeringprogram provides aunique and heights feelengineering education to prep ar students for innovation, creativity, leadership and success. As a student in Manufacturing Engineering, cardinal will learnproduct design and innovation using cutting edge3-D molding tools andcomputers,control the high-tech machine tools including robotics that make the product, apply system theory, quality control and optimizationto fare the production and service system, andcompete inthe global environment.Industrial Requirements A focus on bang-up budgeting, deterministic investment analysis, probabilistic engineering economy, manufacturing cost models, utility theory, and computer applications to engineering economy.Industrial Requirements picture of tooling for various manufacturing processes such as plastic injection, metal casting, stamping, forming, etc. Material properties, tolerances, cost, and tool interchangeability are covered.Industrial Requirements To understand the modern concepts of using computers for manufacturing, including the theory of computer numeral control (CNC) and direct numerical control (DNC), CNC milling, and CNC tuning and computer-aided process design.Industrial Requirements The emphasis of the course is on continuous quality improvement. To sustain knowledge on process, capability analysis, philosophies of quality management, advanced statistical process control, quality costs, and automated quality control.Industrial Requirements Ability to obtain and understand client requirements, and design a system with enough precaution measures, component, or process related to industrial engineering to meet client requirements.Industrial Requirements To understand the suppositional and practical aspects of the implications that the manufacturing process has on the design activities Issues such as rapid prototyping, tolerance, geometric modeling, capabilities of manufacturing p rocesses,

Ethical issues in packaging practices Research Paper - 3

honourable issues in packaging practices - Research Paper Exampleissues and packaging, views run intoing how a sample company and some authors regard how ethical a number of packaging issues in the contemporary find argon, and identify various areas that fuck off the existence of ethical gaps in packaging.Packaging is the protecting, handling, and delivering or presenting a processed good or a raw material in items like boxes, crates, pallets, containers, bags, sacks, and plastic bottles. In case an item is intended for change to consumers and is packaged, it is considered to be safe and healthy to the consumers. For instance, a brush of mascara that forms the closure of the container part is packaging also (Shimp, 2003).Marketers slew make proper use of information for labeling to conduct consumers and exaggerate their returnion attributes. on that point are several(prenominal) cases in which they use pictures in packaging that do not show the real or certain product that they are selling to their customers. A number of marketers label their products as friendly to the environment tear down at times when they do not actually have attributes that are environmentally friend.There are various issues related to ethics of packaging that affect the manner in which products are relayed to the clients. They put labels that mislead the buyers of the products. For instance, information related to nutrition like cholesterol free, low fat, and 100% pure juice tail end be attributes on the label of a given product. Another case can be Johnson & Johnsons Acuvue that labels its products for use every day and different labeling. The company sells similar products in different diversified labels.There are many issues that marketers use pictures for packaging that fail to represent the actual or the real product. The product label can make it look nice and attractive to customers while in the real sense the content does not reach the exaggerated appeal. When consum ers open the well-labeled product, they do not find the expected product in the same. It addition, some brands

Celestial Women beneath a Mango Tree Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Celestial Women under a Mango Tree - Essay ExampleOne such painting is that of the Celestial Woman at a lower place a Mango Tree, an exquisite piece of art with its sublime antiquity awaits interpretation since its governing body and continues unveiling the mysteries and social conventions as well as intricacies of 11th century India. The painting, Celestial Woman beneath the Mango Tree is actually inspired from the sandstone sculptor at the Jain Temple situated in Madhya Pradesh or Southern Uttar Pradesh of India and the sculptor was made during the mid 9th Century. This piece of art is an exquisite example of hold up art genre and was habituated to connect the pillar with the ceiling. Original structure of the temple contained four such art pieces giving an expression of joyous atmosphere putting their glance upon the devotees from four corners of the temple and gracing the minds of the devotees glancing up(a) with their auspicious presence. The divine lady is poised under a mango tree and ignorant most the monkeys perching on it. The lines of the masterpiece are bold and significant uses of the primary colours are evident. The dominant use of the blue colour with a shade of deep to unclouded relates the picture to the celestial realm. The red fruits and scandalmongering flowers are significant and act as a genuine eye-catcher. The motif of the painting is clear nice to support the voluptuous figurine and the ornaments and the features of the woman are distinct, sharp and also well bred amid the play of light and shade. According to the ancient Indian myth and lore, the laughter and of a lady was held responsible for the blossom of mango. hither the deity evidently symbolizes fertility and in its iconic representation, the deity is symbolic to motherhood.

Outline the history of excavation and interpretation at Great Essay

Outline the history of excavation and interpretation at Great Zimbabwe. What does this history tell us about colonialist ideolog - Essay ExampleAt the Ruanga and Chipadze ruins, cattle were important. Five of the excavated ruins have produced dates that suggest they were all construct and occupied amongst the beginning of the fourteenth and the end of the fifteenth centuries. Some have been dated as late as the sixteenth century (Fagan, 1984). In terms of development in the colonial era, the church service offered education and what would today be known as development for Africans on the model of charitable church acts. These historical ties laid the foundations for modern development efforts Christian missions worked arm-in-arm with the state to provide education as easy as agricultural training in attempts to educate Africans, and at the same time, to create a passive, profitable rural labor force for colonial capitalism. There has been widespread scholarship on colonial miss ions in Africa (Hall, & Bombardella, 2005). The colonial era was marked by the efforts of the state to control the work of missionaries, and by tensions of involvement between missionaries and colonial administrations. These dynamics are important not only in terms of historical context, exactly as points of reference, as they are noticeable in the modern work of Christian NGOs. In gray Rhodesia, missionaries worked in collaboration with colonial administrators, bargaining with Cecil Rhodes, the head of the British South Africa Company, for land to build schools, chapels, in addition to hospitals (Shepherd, 2002). The system of indirect rule positioned local rulers in opposition to missionaries. Although missions served the colonial regime by intervening the spread of Western culture as well as morally legitimizing colonial rule, they withal undermined the regimes dependence on customary sureness and heathen practices. In northern Rhodesia, this turned volatile, when native cate chists worked in opposition to the traditions of the customary rulers supported by British indirect rule. To the extent that the command of African chiefs depended on the culture as well as customary infrastructure of social life, missionaries produced a novel eccentric person of disorder from the perspective of the colonial administration in the form of millennial movements. Garlake, (1982) documents how in South Africa, as missionaries advocated nonconformist native relations as well as abolitionist movements, they were placed in oppose and collaborative relationships with the colonial and settler states (Hall, 1995). After independence and through the newly formed socialist state, ZANU-PF renew and transformed dialogues of community development from development-as-charity in the colonial era to development as the right of Zimbabwean citizens. In so doing, the state faced a challenge of legality as it required gaining authority over a rural population that had been politicized in opposition to the Rhodesian state during the war (Piriyaki, 1999). As the mission-educated African elite came to power in recently independent socialist Zimbabwe, the church once again (as in the colonial era) was politically associated with the state. In the early years of independence, doctrines of Christian socialism imposed a welfare state that promised to relieve economic inequalities created by colonialism and to bring fairness to all Africans (Fontein, 2006). This period see a large propagation of NGO activity in Zimbabwe as the

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 22

Journal - Essay precedentThese skills not only prove to be useful in ones c beer exclusively also in ones perfunctory life. For example, one of the skills you develop is delegating work to your subordinates. If you are the kind of person who wants everything perfect then this maybe a bit difficult because separate mass in your view can never perform that job in the same way that you can. exclusively what delegation does is that it saves you a lot of cartridge clip and that time can be spent on other more important things rather than paying too much attention on petty details. only if this is not as simple as it sounds. Delegation simply does not work itself many a times especially in the context of student societies when the students are working for free without any pecuniary incentive. What this situation requires is a mix of charisma and knowledge of as to how to motivate your subordinates. Your personality should have square communication skills and if you are delegating a difficult task to your subordinate then you need to apologize to him what intrinsic value he can derive from that work when there is no apparent monetary benefit. These are some of the skills that you can always integrate in your office life and in your daily life. For instance the experience that I gained at university in the student society can easily be utilized in arranging a grand family reunion or a wedding in the family. There are many parts of my story which serve as a source of perception and knowledge for me in an optimistic way. For instance being the president of a student society factor that you have to deal with the responsibility of the society as well as the pressure of your studies and maintaining your social life. This sometimes creates a lot of stress and time management issues. But when you look back at that time after a few years, you realize that the skills gained back then are proving to be mighty useful. close to

Sustainable Tourism Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Sustainable Tourism Development - turn out Example6 b)Evaluate the signifi digestce of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism development. 9 c)Evaluate different methods available to measure tourer concussion. 9 There are certain financial woodpeckers and methods available to measure tourer impact on the economy, livelihood and financial prosperity and wellbeing of the region. 9 One such tool is the GDP or the Gross domestic Product. Per Capita income is another financial calculation that is capable of measuring the financial impact of tourism in a certain region. Foreign institutional investment is more when tourism industry is doing good in a particular region and key foreign investment can also be used as a parameter to measure tourism impact. 9 insure the need for planning for sustainable tourism. 9 a)Justify the introduction of the concept of sustainable tourism development. 9 b)Analyse factors that may hinder or prevent sustainable tourism development. 1 0 c)Analyse the different stages in planning for sustainability 11 (Pineda, 2004, p.1) 11 occupation 4 11 Understanding current issues related to tourism development planning. 11 a)Evaluate methods of resolving conflicts of interest to ensure to ensure the future well being of a maturation tourism destination. 11 (Pineda, 2004, p.1) 11 b)Analyse the implication of balancing supply and demand 12 c)Evaluate the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism 12 Task 5 12 Understand the social, environmental and economic impacts of tourism in developing countries and destinations 12 a)Compare issues associated with tourism development in a developing country and an emerging destination where the impact of tourism is different 12 b)Evaluate the recommendations, future development of tourism in these destinations 13 References 15 Task 1 Understand the sharp-wittede for planning in the travel and tourism industry. a) Explain briefly rational for planning tourism development. Tourism genera tes significant national and state income. Whether it is foreign or national tourism the amount of income generated through tourist footfall is very high as compared to other political relation and cliquish profit making enterprises. As a result planning tourism development, optimum utilisation of tourist hot spots, preservation and adequate maintenance of tourist sites becomes very important for sustainable and profitable tourism. planning tourism development is the first and most important step towards building a strong and unnerving foundation for a sustainable tourism industry that is capable of self funding, consistent profit generation, return and development. The need for planning tourism development arises delinquent to the following factors 1. It is cooperative in nature due to the involvement of vast and diverse stakeholders a) Natives of the tourist place b) Local state government c) National government d) Transport Authority e) Foreign Exchange f) Law Enforcement g ) Roads and Railway etc 2. It is dependent on the cooperation and efforts of five-fold state authorities like a.) Ministry of Tourism b.) Ministry of Forests and Natural Reserves c.) Department of Rural Planning d.) Ministry of conveyance Tourism is a multifaceted department having interfaces interlinked with multiple industries and ministries like Transport Department, Public Works Department, Forests Department, surround Department, Foreign Exchange etc. (CPT MTM.,

International Finance Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Finance Market - Essay poserAlso, the importance of the capital of the United States asset pricing model for firms which want to evaluate their cost of capital, is explored in the close part. The link between CAPM, the required return on law and the weighted average cost of capital is explored, with the help of various resources.There be many elbow rooms for the companies to raise the capital, the nearly common vogue is from stock merchandises, in this way the investor allow for be part from this company and the benefits will be found on the company performance and the company conquest is important for the shareholder. An new(prenominal) option is from bonds markets, in this way the bond owner does not have the ownership in the company and the benefit not very important for the bondholders, also the bondholder does not care about company success (Young, A 2009). For example if a firm undertake debt to finance the business enterprise, it will help the owner to retain the ownership but it will result in regular payment of interest and the lenders are less interested in success of the company, so if the owner relay more on debt fund, it will enhance financial risk. On the other hand if capital is raised through equity, then large volume of fund can be raise for longer time period and the investors will be more interested in crop and success of the company but there will be loss of ownership as the equity share holders have the voting right to participate in decision making process. Bonds investment tools go forth flexible funding and countenance for companies, and at this time business companies need many way for funding, because the business sector now is changeable (Fadak, T 2004). Buy and sell debt was one of the main reasons for the occurrence of the global financial crisis, because that we have to be careful (Almarshad, M 2009). In my opinion In this argument I agree with the first writer, because at this time the business sect or has many challenges and we must provide appropriate solutions for problem especially the problem of funding.A. Raising capital from bond and equity markets1. The initial public offerWhen a company is in need of capital, there are two options which will comprise the ruffle of its capital structure one is debt, and the other is equity. If the company chooses to raise capital from equity financing, there are also various options. One of these options include raising capital from financial markets such as the stocks market either through seasoned offering or a new issue, most commonly cognise as the initial public offering (Lee, I et al. 1996). The initial public offering takes place when a company decides to issue stocks that is available for the publics investors (Strategies for raising equity capital, 2003). The company employs underwriters-investment banks that first buy the securities from the issuing commode and re-selling it to the investors-at-large (Szewczyk, H. S. et al . 1991). Underwriters usually help the issuing company to prepare the prospectus, which is a document that describes the company as swell up as its prospects. A lot of practitioners as well as academicians regard IPOs as one of the most costly ways to raise equity capital. IPOs are required, by law to be registered in the Securities and commute Commissions (Gay, K 1999). The issuing company pays for administrative and legal fees, which are part of the IPO registration (Lee, H. W. et al. n.d).2. season equity

The Split between the Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Church Research Paper

The Split between the Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Church - question Paper ExampleIt continually gained a significant number of converts and eventually became one of the worlds strongest religions. During the postclassical civilization, Christianity took the centre stage as it played a vital role both in western sandwich and Eastern parts of Europe.Christianity is believed to have begun as part of Jewish reform movement. Even before the contain of Jesus, some Jews had begun to preach about the coming messiah. The Jews had the belief that the birth of Jesus would bring salvation to mankind, and public opinion as well to those who failed to honour salvation. Christianity transformed from the persecuted group of believers over a long period of time, aboard the harsh and vastly changing political environment in Europe. During the fourth and the fifth century, the Roman imperium collapsed. This enhanced the growth of a in truth powerful church that remained on course for a very lo ng time. All this collapse resulted in subjugation of the church.The early followers of Christ began to spread the gospel throughout the Roman Empire. It began with one the earliest converts like Saul, who was converted to Paul, and his major task was an assignment to swallow the Christs message around the Mediterranean region. Wherever he went, he created churches and constantly wrote letter to them. The early churches shared their common belief in Christ and were united in their worship they unremarkably met together, shared the scriptures and listened to one another. They were very caring and were usually bonded together. However, as time went by Christians began to disagree as to who should lead the groups, the form the worship should take, and how Christian beliefs should be understood. This led to splits within the Christian church (Jordan 5).It has been detect that the early churches enhanced their unity through faith. They had unity of the doctrine and the traditions tha t existed in the churches, and this led to

Global Leaders Essay Example for Free

Global Leaders EssayFor my essay I chose Nicolas Sarkozy, who is the chairman of the french Republic. I would line Nicolas Sarkozys drawing cardship musical mode as visionary, affiliative, commanding and pacesetting. Nicolas Sarkozy has a reputation as being confident and fast-paced and aggressive. I would consider Mr. Sarkozy as a visionary on the fact that he was once a lawyer and is close to his people. Mr. Sarkozy inspires people with his vision and reforms. Mr. Sarkozy is affiliative by boosting team spirit during the economies downturn by saving the French company Alstom. Mr. Sarkozy would be considered commanding and pacesetting on the bases that he is really focus driven and has high standards that he expects to be done when he wants them done. I chose to compare U. S. President Barack Obama to French Republic President Nicolas Sarkozy. I would consider President Obama as the new school style of leadership as opposed to President Sarkozys old school style of leaders hip. I would describe Mr. Obamas leadership as visionary, coaching, democratic. Mr. Obama and Mr.Sarkozy leadership styles defer in that President Obama is not an aggressive leader but instead puts more struggle into the visionary, coaching, and democratic approach to get the peoples look on and support. While President Sarkozy has a more my way or the highway approach and more effort is put towards the affiliative, pacesetting and commanding leadership style. Both Presidents have a common style of being visionaries they surpass time in inspiring their people on the course that should be taken.

Effects of Free

Effects of detached aboriginal training Es readThe re expect al paltry investigate the make of free essential pedagogics on learners with diverse necessarily in the main stream original schools. (A case of capital of Malawi Urban Schools) Identification of a sample of teachers, p bents, pupils, schools. diffusion of questionnaires, conduct interviews, and observations. The Data volition be conducted from four mainstream radical schools in Lilongwe district. 3. 0. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3. 1. A statement of search method.Many learners with extra cultureal inescapably bring a number of ch ei on that pointnges in the mainstream capital schools in which in some way or the other prevent them from receiving property pedagogy. (Ministry of commandment PIF Document on especial(a) un suspendably, 2000) At a conference held at Salamanca in Spain 1994, it was decl argond that learners with special educational demand acquire education in their home schools. ( worldly con cern Declaration on Education For All, 1990).This meant that they were to be included in the mainstream schools and the schools were supposed to accommodate these learners by providing them with specialized resources so that the children acquire quality education. The introduction of free elementary education in Malawi in 1994 posed a threat towards the education of learners with special educational of necessity in their home schools, beca practice much as it increased access to educational opportunities for all Malawians, it brought many challenges towards the education of learners with special educational inquire in mainstream schools and to the ordinary learners as strong.(Ministry of Education PIF document 2000). One of the challenges emanating from the murder of free patriarchal education policy towards the education of learners with special educational call for is everywherecrowding in schools which impart to low-down per variationance due to despicable methods of tenet. Statistics indicates that in 1993, there were ab come forth 1. 6 jillion primary school students in Malawi. However, when free primary education was introduced in 1994, the number of students jumped to over three million (World Bank report 2004).This created a lot of riddles, overcrowding in classes make teachers non to consider the ineluctably of learners with special educational indigences because there was too much work load. Teachers use poor methods of teaching as a go forth of overcrowding in classes and lack of resources. Teachers are failing to practice the idiosyncraticized education figure meant for learners with special educational needs due to increased enrollment rates. (Ministry of Education PIF Document). This results in poor performance, utmost repetition rates for both learners with special educational needs and the ordinary pupils.It is thus of great richness to asses on how poor methods of teaching is a challenge to the education of learners with s pecial educational needs. Some indications nominate that overcrowding in classrooms is pushing out pupils with special educational needs an issue which the World Bank (2004) recommends that needs just research. Furthermore, due to overcrowding, survival rates for all learners (ordinary and those with special educational needs) ca-ca excessively been affected.The iterate/triple shifts are as well as making it hard for schools to plan for remedial programmes for learners with special educational needs and teachers complain of increased pupil teacher ratios. (Ministry of Education, PIF Document, 2004). Thus, it is the interest of the encounterive to further assess the effects of overcrowding in classrooms towards the education of learners with special educational needs. The paucity of teaching resources is also another problem that is making the education of learners with special educational needs difficult.The shortages of teaching and encyclopedism aids worsened as a result of the implementation of free primary education. The number of pupils per text book was 2. 9 prior to Free autochthonic Education, declining to 7. 1 in 1994/5. Even more worrying is the fact that repetition rates are over 20%. (Riddel R. , 2003) What should be noted is that, learners with special educational needs require specialized resources for them to receive quality education. This is expensive and need expertise to use specialized materials.In this case, if the politics is failing to provide learning materials for ordinary learners, what more to the provision of teaching and learning materials to learners with special educational needs. The shortage of teachers and recruitment of bungling and untrained teachers who did not have any knowledge on special needs education was also another recipe for disaster because the needs of learners with special educational needs were not given a priority. (Ministry of Education PIF document 2000).Thus, it is reported by 1997, more than h alf the teachers were untrained, compared with 13% before the introduction of Free Primary Education. The World Bank Report on effects of free primary education (2004) states that this remaining learners with special educational needs to struggle to meet the needs of the school and not the schools meeting the needs of learners with special educational needs. As such it is to the interest of the detective to assess on how this has led to low academic achievement to both learners with special educational needs and ordinary learners.Poor infrastructure is also another area of concern, according to an article by Ligomeka. B. (2000), it is stated that the ambitious plan by the Malawi government to boost its education levels by offering free primary education backfired, largely because of the terrible poor conditions of the countrys primary schools. Ligomeka adds to say that conditions at schools remain terrible there has been a shortage of classrooms for the pupils, resource centers, teachers houses, and toilets for over a decade.The inaccessible physical environment makes it difficult for children with disabilities to survive. ( e. g. poor hygiene in toilets) Additionally, many of the preliminary perspectives seem to show that the existing facilities make a humbug of the free education program. As a result, the situation of the teaching force in most of the districts is more often than not bad. On quality issues, the World Bank Report (2004) states that, the free primary education has produced unintended and unanticipated negative consequences.The reforms that Malawi has come up with have produced some consequences including quality issues which are of concern in Malawi. Whilst the record expansion has been remarkable, the quality of education and many would say, even the value of education has deteriorated. The question might be if ordinary pupils are complaining of quality issues, what about the quality of education world offered to learners with speci al needs? This puts in question for the quality of education being de seered and if the needs of learners with special needs are being met.It is for this reason that the detective would want to assess the quality of education being offered to learners with special educational needs in the mainstream primary schools with regards to the challenges emanating from the implementation of free primary education. Kadzamira and Rose (as cited at http//www. Introduction of free primary education in sub-Saharan Africa) point to the continued lack of access of some sub- roots (street children, out-of-school youth, those with special needs, orphans.) who still face problems to meet some of their needs ( such as learning materials, food, accommodation, wheelchairs, hearing aids, and clothes) disrespect the education being free. As such, this has resulted in a lot of absenteeism, poor performance, a very mettlesome repetition rate and dropouts for learners with special educational needs, street children and orphans, because despite the education being free, they still have to meet other expenses such as stationary, uniforms, food, wheel chairs, and other specialized materials. (Ministry of Education PIF document 2000).The researcher therefore, would like to investigate if the needs of the above menti geniusd subgroups are taken into consideration by the schools. Through the reports, articles and journals, it has been discover that the effects of free primary education worsened the problems learners with special educational needs were facing in mainstream primary schools. These problems do not only affect learners with special needs but also those without, and this has made/created a lot of learners to fall under special educational needs because their needs are not being met by the education system.In conclusion, there is evidence that free primary education brought challenges towards the education of learners with special educational needs, as such, it go forth be nece ssary to go through out the fulfilment to which the challenges are making the education of learners with special needs difficult in the mainstream primary schools, so that the feedback can be used to correct deficiencies in the schools. This research impart be beneficial to teachers, schools even the researcher herself to key out barriers to inclusion hence coming up with strategies to reduce or eradicate the barriers. Definition of Key terms.Mainstream names to the integrating of learners with special educational needs in general education settings (Heward, 2000) finicky educational needs refer to learners who require specialized instruction and different levels of support if they are to realize their full human potential, or to facilitate their academic, companionable, and emotional development. It also includes those coming from poor socio-economic backgrounds. (Heward 2000) Inclusion is the process of accommodating learners with special needs in the general education set tings, with support services provided by the school.(Index for inclusion, 2002) Sub-questions What challenges do learners with special educational need face in the mainstream primary schools as a result of free primary education in Malawi? How do the challenges affect education provisions for learners with special educational needs? What support services are provided by parents towards the education of learners with special educational needs? 3. 2. RESEARCH METHODS The research shall be conducted using the survey strategy. 3. 3. Survey Studies Survey studies as pointed out by Cohen (2003) Is another way to get unique material.It is regarded as one of the best tool for assemblage of info by many scholars. Cohen added that surveys take one or two forms, questionnaires or interviews. During a survey, a researcher can ask people questions in soul or defecate a written questionnaire, but in either case, it is advised that questions must be phrased carefully so that people can respond easily and clearly. A Gay L. R. etal (2009) state that surveys requires the collection of standardized, quantifiable information from all members of a population or of a sample.It is from the above understanding that the researcher has seen it necessary to use this design, in the collection of information to examine on how the introduction of free primary education has affected the education of learners with special educational needs in terms of human resource, teaching and learning materials, and the quality of education being provided. 3. 4. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE The descending instruments allow for be used for info collection Questionnaires, interviews, and observations. 3. 4. 1Questionnaire.A questionnaire is a written collection of survey questions to be answered by a selected group of research participants. (Gay L. R. etal). And it is a widely used and useful instrument for collecting survey information. However, Bell (1993) warns that one needs to ensure that the questionn aire is well designed in order to give the researcher the information needed, satisfactory to subjects and that will not give problems at the analysis and interpretation stage. The questionnaire will contain both free ended questions and closed questions.Among the advantages of a questionnaire is that it is cheap compared to interviews, and can be used to collect data from a large sample without the researchers presence, and one of the disadvantages is that respondents can delay information and could be difficult to make follow ups. (Cohen, 2003). To minimize errors, the researcher will make sure that questionnaires be taken for supervising before dispersal to ensure that they are clear. The researcher shall follow guidelines for writing effective questions, such as avoiding complex questions, avoid irritating questions or instructions, just to mention a few.Cohen (2003). And in this study, a sample of ten teachers and Primary School Education advisor (PEA) will be given question naires. See supplement,( item number 2 a,2b). 3. 4. 2Focused Interviews Interviews are an oral, in person question and answer session between a researcher and an individual respondent. (Gay L. R. etal 2009) Here, the researcher will use focused interviews. Ary D. etal (2002), describes focused interviews as those where the researcher ask questions designed to draw out subjects responses on a topic of interest.Subjects are free to answer in their own words rather than having to choose from pre-determined, open ended format, this permits greater flexibility and responsiveness to emerging issues for the participants. Among the advantages of interviews as pointed out by Donald etal (2002) is that, a researcher gets instant feedback, participants are able to ask for clarity, and the researcher probes participants where ever necessary. Donald adds to say that interviews enable an interviewer to get information concerning opinions, beliefs, attitudes and feelings in relation to certain questions.Hence making a researcher acquire rich information from respondents which will make the research to be standard. Nevertheless, the disadvantage of interviews is that it could be beat consuming to both the researcher and the participant it is expensive in terms of travel costs and materials, excessively it is also difficult for individuals to articulate their feelings in a one to one interview. As such focused interviews will be conducted with head teachers, experienced teachers (those with over 16 years experience), parents, ordinary learners, and learners with special educational needs.The researcher shall prepare a list of standardized questions ahead of succession and shall be taken for supervision to minimize errors. Furthermore, the researcher will make herself available at a time that is convenient for the respondents. The researcher shall begin by sending a letter of Identification, requesting an interview with the Primary School Education Advisor (PEA), head tea chers, teachers, parents and pupils and specify the sort of information needed. See appendix ( item no. 1. a,1. b, 1. c, 1. d) 3. 4. 3Observations.Cohen (2003), states that observation data are attractive as they afford the researcher the opportunity to gather live data from live situation. The researcher will observe, teaching methods, attitude of teachers and peers, classroom organization, and availability of resources. Cohen continues to say that observation makes data to be reliable and generalization can be made. Stringer (2004) also points out that observations principle purpose is to familiarize researchers with the consideration in which issues and events are played out, however, Gay R.L.(2009) warns that researchers that when obtaining observations there should be objectives, unbiased and accurate in the mind that the observer has avoided influencing the behavior of respondents. The disadvantage of observation according to Alkins Encyclopedia of Education Research (1992) is that it more realistic and researchers are not constrained by what is in a checklist or rating scale. If an observation is well planned and carried out, it can give both qualitative and quantitative data.Observation has limitations on bias to an extent that the individual perceptions and interpretations of the observer, influenced by previous experience, affect the recording of the behavior, (ibid p. 271). However, the researcher will be aware of this problem so that learners with special educational needs be observed thoroughly in order to detect their difficulties which they face in mainstream primary schools. Observations shall be carried out in all the primary schools. See appendix (item no. 3). 3. 5.Population Sample This involves identification of a sample of schools, teachers, parents, and pupils, from the schools. Three mainstream primary schools in Lilongwe urban will be selected for the collection of data. Schools will be selected ground on their experience in the educ ation of learners with special educational needs. Teachers shall be selected according experience (those with more than 16 years experience prior to the introduction of free primary education). Pupils will be selected based on their age and class.(Will come from standard 3 up to 8 and within the age range of 9-15) the Primary School Education Advisor will also be contacted to answer a few questions and parents will be selected based on proximity (those living around the school and available). A total of six Learners with special educational needs and six ordinary learners will be interviewed from each school, will al so be interviewed, a total of eight teachers will be given questionnaires and two teachers will be interviewed, all the head teachers will be interviewed, and Observations by the researcher will also be carried out in all schools.The reason behind this sample is To find out teacher perceptions on how free primary education has undermined the quality of education being offered to learners with special educational needs. To know how involved parents are in the education of their children. To find out from learners on the challenges they face in the classroom and how this is affecting their academic achievement. To find out from Primary school Education Advisor if the government is aware of such problems and necessary measures are taken to minimize the effects. 4. 5DATA ANALYSIS Data analysis is one of the things the prepared researcher needs to consider.It involves register and organizing data collected (Cohen 2003). Gay etal (2009) add to say that the planning of data analysis will need to consider the organization, accounting for and explaining the data It indicates what needs to be done with the data when they have been collected and how will the data be processed and analyzed, additionally, it shows how the results of the analysis will be verified, cross-checked and validated. (Bell 1993). In analyzing data, the researcher will re- preserve n otes as soon as possible after making a set of observation.Full notes shall be typed and two copies of the notes shall be produced so that the other copy should act as a backup. The files shall be created in chronological order of events including notations of the dates and times they were made. Ultimately, observations shall be analyzed and construe to find the underlying meaning in the things observed. And the organization and filing of notes is the first step in discovering that meaning. (Donald A, etal 2002) All the results from different participants shall be analyzed and interpreted cordially, and data will be presented in the form of tables, type written text and charts.3. 6Reliability and Validity harmonize Kubiszyn T. etal (1996), reliability refers to an extent where similar results are obtained from different samples and after using different methods of data collection. Cohen (2003), states that hardihood is an important key to effective research, because if a piece of research is invalid then it is worthless. He further points out that that validity of research results refers to the extent where the research measures what it was intended to measure. The extent of triangulation is also another form of validity.To ensure reliability, the researcher, will use different tools of data collection, use standardized questions in both questionnaires and interviews and will make sure that the questions should be in line with the research question to ensure validity. 3. 7 LIMITATIONS honourable issues, travel cost and time will be taken as some of the barriers to this study, nevertheless, ways will be found to deal with these problems. To overcome the problem of travel costs, the researcher started saving money meant for this purpose, where there will be a shortage, it will be required to ask for funds from guardians.To deal with honest issues, the researcher will try by all means to be careful in the use of language so as not to harm participants psychol ogically because this might affect the outcome. The researcher will also take the interview and questionnaire questions for supervision to make sure that language used does not check the participants. In the case of time, where the researcher will be on a short holiday and at the same time collecting data, appointments for interviews, observations and distribution of questionnaires. The researcher shall make herself available at a time convenient to the participants.Prompts/follow up shall be made in the case of questionnaires so that all the data should be ready before the holiday ends. To avoid doubts from participants, a letter of identification shall be obtained from the Special Needs Department of the Catholic University of Malawi. People will be assured of privacy and the research shall want parental/teacher consent before interviewing learners below the age of fifteen. REFERENCE Ary Donald. Lucy Cheser Jacobs. Asghar Razaviah. (2002), Introduction to Research in Education, Thomson Learning, Belmet.Bell J (1993), Doing your Research Project. A guide for first research in Education and social science. Suffolk, st Edmunds bury press. Cohen L. etal (2003). Research Methods in Education. Prentice-hall Inc, New York. EFA Global Monitoring Report http// www. EFA report unesco. org. Gay L. R. , Geoffrey E. Mills, beam of light Airasian. (2009), Educational Research Competencies for Analysis and Applications. Pearson Education, Inc New Jersey. Heward W. L. (2000). Exceptional Children an introduction to special education. Prentice-hall, New York. (http//www. aft.org/research/rel-site. htm) (http //www. World Bank report on effects of free primary education. org. ) Riddell R. (2003) The introduction of Free Primary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa Report. Ministry of Education (PIF document on Special Needs Education in Malawi, 2000) IRINA MANJOMO schedule FOR DESSERTATION MONTH YEAR DATE ACTIVITY JUNE-2010 15-20 25-30 piece of music letters to institution s where data will be corrected. Distribution of questionnaires for data collection and making appointments for interviews JULY -2010 Data collection, Data analysis and data entry.AUGUST- 2010 1-17 Data analysis and entry. 18-23 change analysed data, calmness. 24-25 shock the executive program 25-31 Literature Review SEPTEMBER-2010 3-13 report of chapter two (Lit. Review) begins ends 14-15 Meeting the supervisor 16-19 corrections 22-29 Writing of chapter III patience 29-30 Meeting the supervisor OCTOBER-2010 1-4 department of corrections 7-14 Writing chapter IV submission 15 Meeting the supervisor 15-17 Corrections 19-25 Writing Chapter V and VI submission 26-27 Meeting the supervisor 28-30 Corrections NOVEMBER-2010 2-9 Writing Ch.1 submission 11-14 Meeting supervisor corrections 16-21 22-23 Writing first Draft of Dissertation submission corrections DECEMBER-2010 24-30 1-3 Writing 2nd Draft of Dissertation submission 5-7 Meeting supervisor JANUARY-2011 Making Correction s on the Dissertation draft FEBRUARY-2011 13-18 Defending the Dissertation 21-23 Making corrections submission MARCH-2011 1-3 Meeting the supervisor 3-20 Making final corrections on the Dissertation Draft. APRIL- 2011 Writing the final copy of the Dissertation begins and ends. MAY-2011 16-23 submission to the supervisor

Careers in Psychology; Opportunities in a Changing World Essay Example for Free

C arers in psychology Opportunities in a Changing World EssayIt is normally precise(prenominal) zippy for mavin to carry the choice of their life style very carefully. One should consider his or her interests in the calling, the job market as well as their education qualifications. It is equally all-important(a) for one to carefully examine the merits and demerits that come with each career survival. This is the sole reason why career talks have become part of the school curriculum in many countries in the world. This reputation will analyze three case studies of individuals who are some to complete their Bachelors degrees in psychological science, after which it will critically analyze the options the three cases have laid on the table by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each. Denise is considering a couple of options professional of Arts/ subjugate of apprehension in Clinical Psychology arrive at of Arts/ Master of Science in way Psychology Master of Education in counsellor Psychology Master of Social Work Master of Science in Pastoral Counseling Master of Science in Counseling. Important to note is where the interests of Denise lie. She has an interest in reading search materials or findings connect to children, however this interest is not that overmuch. Denise is also not very interested in doing research work. Considering the particular that Denise has a passion in desire to counsel offspring and children is not enough when deciding to make out the next degree weapons platform the topper option for Denise would be a Masters Degree in Pastoral Counseling. The merits of this program are that it is in all ways related to the interests of Denise. It would give Denise the best opportunity to counsel youth and children. The degree does not require a lot of research work, quite a it requires more of reading research work. This would by all means be the best for Denise. However, a Masters Degree in Pastoral Counseling w ould be tricky if matters of spiritual faith are put in consideration. It is not clear where her faith lies. It would be unbeatably the best if her spiritual faith lies along the pastoral line, or if she had pursued a degree in theology. CITATION Tar12 l 1033 (Kuther, 2012)A Masters Degree in Clinical Psychology would be advantageous in the sense that it has a tolerant job market and it is in line with the passion of Denise. However, this degree would not be the best for Denise since it requires a lot of research, which Denise is not very good at. Another disadvantage of this is that it would not limit her exactly to youth and children the way she would like it, older people have psychological problems as well. A Master of Science in Counseling Psychology would also not be advisable for Denise. This degree, undecomposed like the one in Clinical Psychology would require a lot of research work. Denise does not like research work and it would be very difficult for her to excel in thi s program. However, it could be true(a)ly advantageous in the sense that it requires reading research materials and this is one major stronghold for Denise. A Master Degree in Clinical Psychology would have the same limitations as a Master Degree in Counseling Psychology. However, she loves reading research materials on youth and children. This would favor her in the case that she chose this career path. This leaves the best option for Denise as a Master Degree in Pastoral Psychology. CITATION Rob07 l 1033 (Sternberg, 2007)It would be very difficult for Raul to change what he wanted to do all his life to something else. However, the policy when choosing career paths is unceasingly no mistakes. This is when the purpose of internship comes out very clearly. All his life, Raul has been interested in counseling psychology or clinical psychology. He should be very careful when making a choice for the nest career step. This is owing to the fact that for one to excel in a certain career path, he or she ought to have the desire and passion for it. Passion does not just grow within a sidereal day and Raul does not have much time to make a decision. However, the volunteer work that he did in the psychiatric clinic seems to have helped him a great argue. The interview that he had with counselors and psychologists seems to have opened his eyes to the real career world. It is very important for Raul to make a decision before it is late since he is about to graduate from school. The interests of Raul are very important is deciding his career path. The fact that he has a wife and children makes it very necessary for him to take a career path that would help him a great deal financially. The best option for Raul in his career path would be to pursue a Masters Degree in Counseling Psychology. This is owing to the fact that he has interests in research which is very vital to the program. Moreover, counseling would give him a wider job market and would therefore sustain him financially. CITATION Don08 l 1033 (Super, 2008)Having been in the cooperate world is indeed a milestone for washstand in the career world. As much as he was laid off, he is way ahead of a number of individuals. His experience in the cooperate world must have equipped him with a number of skills that will help him a great deal I n future. This is considering the fact that he would love to integrate his career path of psychology with business. For instance, one of the options that John is laying on the table is Industrial Organizational Psychology. I could not agree more with John on this one. Industrial Psychology would indeed be a very good way for John to combine what he learnt in the cooperate world together with Psychology. However, John should always keep in mind that this is a competitive world. The field of Industrial Psychology is just one of the fields that experience a lot of competition when it comes to pursuing a graduate program in the field. However, the best advice for John would be to first of all take a professional kind that is related to business or rather the cooperate world. Such courses include Business Management, Business Administration, merchandising or even Certified Public Accounting (CPA). In this way, he would be able to stir his skills in the cooperate world, not just by word of mouth or experience notwithstanding by Certified Professional Courses. This, together with a Bachelors Degree in Psychology would raise his bar much higher. Having done any of these professional courses, John would not only be fit to pursue Industrial or Organizational Psychology but he would also be able to compete with other individuals. CITATION Tho05 l 1033 (Wadsworth, 2005)Referencesl 1033 Helms, J. L. (2011). Majoring in Psychology. New York New York University Press.Kuther, T. (2012). Careers in Psychology Opprtumities in a Changing World. New York New York University Press.Sternberg, R. J. (2007). Career Paths in Psychology. Oxford University Press.Super, D. (2008). Opportunities in Psychology Careers. Oxford University Press.Wadsworth, T. (2005). Your Career in Psychology Industrial /Organizational Psychology. New York New York University Press.Source document

How Society Is Affected by Gov Policies Essay Example for Free

How Society Is Affected by Gov Policies EssayHow society is affect by goverment policies, civil disobedience, This is the deliberate and planned breach of policy or law by an single(a) or group of people. It is usually done peacefully to highlight how inappropriate a law is and abet the need for a change in the law. Civil disobedience was a common tool in the black civil rights movement in the USA in the 1960s. Black people would deliberately go away the racial segregation laws to show how deeply unfair they were and how much the law needed to change. A sincere example of this is the case of Rosa Parks, who in December 1955 refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man when asked to do so. She was arrested and her arrest sparked a chain of events which led to the US Supreme Court decision in 1956 that racial segregation on transportation was illegal. Demonstration and meetings, brushs to demonstrate problems with authorities policy are very common. They are a way fo r like-minded individuals to air their concerns.Meeting can be held outside and include a march or demonstration to show the government or local authority the depth of public feeling against decision. A good example of this would be the rallies and protests organised by the Countryside Alliance since the UK government placed a ban on foxhunting. Terrorism, Terrorism is an entire response to public policy. It involves an individual or group using force out or the threat of violence against civilian and military targets in order to force the government to change its policy.

Electroconvulsive Therapy Essay Example for Free

Electroconvulsive Therapy EssayChapter 578 of the 14th Edition Texas Laws Relating to affable wellness and Mental Retardation discusses in length the circumstances in which application of the electroconvulsive therapy is allowed, or possible. In the United States, electroconvulsive therapy or ECT as it is comm solo called is generally practiced only for the treatment of thoroughgoing(a) natural depression. And treatment may only be applied with expressed accept of the patient. Under no early(a) circumstance can ECT be used other than what is prescribed.The Texas Law qualifies this expressed consent understanding by outlining the types of patients who may stick out such consent. It be military positions identifies which patients who ar non eligible for such treatment at any given circumstance. The fair play further provides a thorough detailing of what this consent should include. The consent must releasely be communicated to the patient and the following supportd u pon the nature and purpose of the procedure the degree, period and probable side effectuate opinions of efficacy of the procedure probable improvement or remission expectations (www. heuniversityhospital. com). that the presences of all these four (4) important points hold constitute the validity of the consent agreement to ECT. federal official Health Laws of the United States leave the ratified obligation for accomplishment of this consent agreement to the doctors. It is the doctors who guarantee the awareness of patients to the requirements of the agreement. historic Background of the insurance insurance Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) or sometimes referred to as electric shock treatment (Hollander, 2000) has been in earth for over 60 years in the health check field.The use of this procedure however and the conditions skirt the motif for this treatment has improved in recent years. The procedure is used more(prenominal) for the treatment of serious depression (Hollande r, 2000) but may also be considered as treatment for schizophrenia and other similar disorders. The beginning use of this procedure was in 1938 (The University Hospital, 2007) by the Italian Neurologist Ugo Cerletti, aptly aided by his athletic supporter Lucio Bini. They used the electric shock to induce convulsion and subsequently treat mood disorders.However it was only in the 1970s in which ECT became accepted and was finally recognized by the APA and NIMH as a viable therapeutic procedure. Even with the recognition by the APA and NIMH as having important medical value, on that point are a number of concerns surrounding the procedure. In fact, ECT is one of the most exceedingly debatable medical procedures around. One of the biggest concerns is with regards to unrecoverable memory loss (Stevens, 2007) after treatment. This is the reason why the authorities insurance policy on ECT primarily focuses on the agreement of the patient to the procedure before changeing such.Descrip tion of the Problem that Necessitated the Policy One of the biggest concerns with regards to the use of ECT as a medical treatment is its suitability for minors. For over 40 years the treatment was intentional for adults who suffer mental disorders, particularly severe depression. The growing number of minors with similar disorders and because of unsubstantiated side-effects of the procedure prompted the design of the policy. Minors (Baldwin and Jones, 1998) need to be specifically identified as a no-treatment zone in this area. Description of the PolicyPolicies harnessing the use of electroconvulsive therapy as a reliable medical procedure for mental disorders, specifically for the treatment of severe depression are designed to hold dear the patient. The Texas Law on this particular issue is the most popular reference to identify the implementing guidelines of ECT. The policy aims to specify the circumstances surrounding the use of ECT. The requirements are absolute and expli cit. It assures safety and protection of the patient and the doctor. As a whole the policy addresses the implementing disbeliefs that surround ECT.The pre-treatment requirements are clearly stated and easily understood. at that place is no instruction around the points of consideration, thus, proving to be well-established. However, the issue on ECT is non necessarily about the policy governing the treatment. Controversy (www. antipsychiatry. org) is focused on the viability of the treatment itself, which unfortunately, is not addressed by the policy. In fact umpteen organization constantly fight against the use of the procedure even for severe depression, as it is commonly applied. The question on electroconvulsive therapy is more on its effectiveness as a medical procedure.Although on that point are a good number of documented successes of ECT, in that respect also are a good number of disputes raised. Since the living policy governing ECT focuses on its implementing guide lines, umteen disputes are not addressed. Comparative and International abstract In March 2006, the United Kingdom made a bold move to revise (Ruthen, 2006) their brisk policy on electroconvulsive therapy. The changes in the provisions include the strengthening of guideline to safeguard its practice (Ruthen, 2006). They also include the ethical considerations pertaining to safety and effectiveness.Through these provisions, the policy became more comprehensive. It increased the level of safety and pledge for those which the particular policy is designed. In contrast, the Texas Law as earlier discussed does not provide a clear stand on its effectiveness, efficiency, and safety. Without dealing with the ethical considerations of the procedure, the law merely provides a procedural guideline for implementation. The law neither provides basis for authorities action apart from its role on instrumentation. Social Thought and political theory There are 2 very contrasting companionabl e notions on ECT.The first is that electroconvulsive therapy is a highly effective medical procedure for mental disorders. It is safe and effective more particularly for the treatment of severe depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. This view highlights the credibility of the procedure and supports the existing policies for its implementation. In both(prenominal) the US Federal and Texas Laws, legal accountability is placed with the patient and the doctor. Because of substantiated success of the treatment over the course of more than 60 years, the policy is designed to provide implementing guidelines to safeguard its uses.In fact, the US Federal Law specifically states that it is the legal responsibility of the doctor to clarify all pre-treatment requirements with the patient. In no instance does politics interfere with the process. medical decisions in this case are left between the two parties involved. The strongest evidence of Government involvement in the policy lie s on the registration of equipment used in the procedure. On the other hand, the second school of thought questions the very validity of the procedure as a humane alternative to treat mental disorders. many an(prenominal) counterpoints are raised more precisely when it comes to its ethical considerations. This point of view questions the very role of Government in safeguarding the use of this procedure. The existing policy simply does not justify the existence of unsubstantiated side effects, most particularly that of memory loss after treatment. Those who support this view believe that in the more than 60 year history of ECT, there are still so many unanswered concerns surrounding the procedure. Considering this like any other medical solution simply reduces the opportunity to scrutinize the side effects more in-depth.However contradicting the two schools of thought in this matter, there are still points both agree upon. One of these points and probably the most important is that b oth sides acknowledge the unsuitability of the procedure for minors. The policy was designed to make sure that the protection of minors from this procedure is absolute, not withstanding the otherwise underlying differences in the two schools of thoughts. What Dynamics and Patterns of US Social Policy are Evident in the Policy? Historically (Amenta, Bonastia, and Caren, 2001) the US Social Policy has always been the subjected of much heated debates among policy makers.The major areas that cause quite a stir are in health care, well-being, societal services, and employment. There have been many attempts to revise social policies but have failed. In other words, patterns and dynamics of social policies have remained constant for many years. The longstanding debates on social policies (Weir, Orloff, and Skocpol, 1988) affect the progression of other policies. One such policy is that which addresses the mental health care, more specifically the use of electroconvulsive therapy in treat ing mental disorders.In as much as the social policies go through quite a scrutiny, provisions that deal with ECT are equally scrutinized. The laws that govern the use of ECT do not even state the relevance of this procedure to social welfare or any other social policy. Even though ECT is recognized as a legitimate means to treat mental disorder, there remains indifference on how far Government would go to subsidize this procedure. Conclusion Electroconvulsive therapy is a recognized treatment procedure for mental disorders by both the American Psychological Association and the National Institute of Mental Health.Its more than 60 year thwart record documents numerous success. In fact, it has gained even greater momentum in recent times. While there is much acclaim for the procedure, there is also much concern. The questions on side effects have not been thoroughly addressed. Policies that govern the procedure do not provide enough assurance of its safety and efficiency. There is a constant fear of other unknown side effects materializing. And with the brain being a highly susceptible mass, there is no guarantee to its long standing recovery effects. The Texas Law does provide a sense of comfort by somehow solidifying pre-treatment requirements.However, after all these requirements have been accomplished, there are no subsequent provisions that address the other important considerations. Apart from the weaknesses in policy there is the constant nagging of unanswered ethical considerations. Even with the numerous reassurances that the procedure is with expressed consent, there is still the question of how humanely applicable is the entire procedure. The policy simply puts accountability to the patient itself. It does not actually define the surrounding qualifications of the entire process.It is therefore inferred that the Texas Laws, although having the beginnings of a solid reference to protect those who undergo ECT still need a great deal of work. It does not matter if it has been the reference of many similar policies. There are important issues about ECT that are not properly addressed, or even considered. True, that with the present policies governing ECT it is always the patients choice. Never the less, it is the responsibility of policy makers to provide for informed choices. The human brain is far too important for simple assumptions.

The field of organizational behaviour Essay Example for Free

The playing field of organic lawal behaviour EssayIntroductionThe placement is the result of a mathematical operation of organizing a envisioning of people, aimed at achieving common goals that their complexity raisenot be strived by one person. So, the organization has developed from the need to arrive at goods in much higher than in times past could make consorters in their workshops. Also, the organization has emerged as a necessity to increase efficiency and quality work. We can say the organization is a schema that is characterized by a specific helpal social system and a process through which the common targets and specific. For example, the university is a organization that integrates student, teacher, administrator and laboratory technical staff, aimed at the generation, transfer and diffusion of know takege.In any organization there atomic number 18 two fundamental processes a process for achieving products and services for which an organization was creat ed and a guidance process to disc everywhere execution of the first-year in terms of efficiency and quality Organization is characterized by an inner(a) surround, external environment and a opercap fitting interface between the two environments.Being an scatter system, we see the existence of the system input streams and output streams of system. Internal environment is characterized by the existence of generalised field of forces and a transformation of input into output. External environment be characterized by having a generalise field of forces that act continuously on the organization, at its interface with the intern environment .If these forces are harder than the internal environment, the organization declines and if adaptation measures are not taken, in this case result bankruptcy. For example a grinder that produces fertilizers for agriculture, manages to successfully sell products mart and to ensure good employees a salary.Management of company has developed a dynamic equilibrium between existing forces inside and outside At a time, there is a law protecting the environment and impose more than severerequirements new quantities of harmful substances discharged into the gentle wind or wastewaters .This means that the external environment have developed strong legislative force, for which there is seemly strength inside and so was some imbalance. To restore the dynamic balance of company is necessary to arrange in new technologies for filtering and treating harmful substances, in order to meet new standards. If fails this, technological line may be closed and if the company has no other viable processes, the company may go bankruptcy.The organization is on establish two social systems a serviceable and organisational construction. The ORGANIZATION organize of units is on the whole target work and departments that make up the unit, their grouping and subordination including links to be established between them to enrapture out pr operly all in all work tasks. When is projected, a rational and efficient organization coordinate moldiness meet certain(a) general requirements such as covering the whole spectrum of activities of the organization and to distribute them properly, to ensure continuity and fluidity in automobilerying out, to ensure that management units at each level as realizable that each have a single chief subordinated also be flexible to adapt to incompatible light requirements amplification for organization development, job cuts for a decline in the organization etc.. Characteristic elements of an organizational structure are model, function, gradable level, department, hierarchical share, and functional connexion. POSITION is a set of tasks, objectives, powers and responsibilities incumbent in regularly and one permanent employee. mold represents all jobs with the same characteristics .So, in organization more employees can work with as head of department or head office. HIERARCHICAL S HARE is number of employees led by a directly manager. In a mid-sized or large enterprise hierarchy shares is 4-8 subordinates for positions laid in the upper half of the managerial pyramid and can grow up to 20-30 subordinates, as the hierarchical level approaches the bottom.DEPERTMENT are all employees divided into groups subordinate to the same manager.HIERARCHICAL LEVEL represents all departments that are at the same distance from the top of hierarchical pyramid management. As hierarchical level has a lower look upon, the better will be more levels in that organization. As the number of hierarchical levels is great with both the managerial pyramid is higher. As the number of hierarchical levels is smaller, so the pyramid becomes flattened. For example, Ford transmitted an organizational structure with 17 unsloped levels of hierarchy, and the youngest company Toyota has only 5 hierarchical levels.FUNCTIONAL linkup is necessary to integrate all functional activities. Connexi ons or links include vertical, horizontal and vertical and oblique. organisational structure with the functional integration is performed use the following concepts authority, responsibility, delegation, centralization, decentralization and specialization. AUTHORITY managers can ensure order. assistant first decision you need to implement even if they sometimes have different views. RESPONSIBILITY we all know that accepting a job, is implicitly and accountability to achieve the objectives set and answer for their failure to achieve. relegation is a share transfer, for a period of time, a decision of a competent other people, at a lower hierarchical level .Superiors delegates, transferring authority to subordinates in order to facilitate the activity. Another authorised structure underlying an organization is FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE which we can say that involve functions such as look for and development function, employment function, the function of commercial, financial accounta ncy function and staff function.About research and development function we can say that integrates aimed at generating new knowledge and ideas on the achievement and their ingress .Innovation is one of the most powerful and competitive strategies of firm .This includes activities such as forecasting activities, research, development and innovation, implementation and evaluation of results.Another function is the doing the company that processes inputs in order to enable the products and services to pander the law are basically existential demand consumers. Basically, production is the existential law firm. Function of production includes activities such as programming,scheduling and monitoring production, manufacture or use, control processes and outcomes, and repair equipment Commercial unconscious process is achieved in two ways from environment to organization and from organization to external environment.In environment first case the function performs supply material reso urce, energy, financial and teaching organization and in the latter function makes the sale and selling or offering products and services to population. Base activities of this function are supply, sales and marketing. fiscal accounting function includes all activities that provide financial resources necessary to achieve line of credit objectives and out value financial cycle of organization. In achieve this function .There are three major activities financial activities, accounting and financial control management. FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES represents all processes which determine and obtain the necessary financial resources for firm.ACCOUNTING objectives revive to activities which highlight the value recorded and material and financial resources management financial of organization. FINANCIAL CONTROL care refers to activities which check legal compliance regarding the existence, integrity, use and storage of material goods and money which is equipped organization. PERSONNEL FUNCTI ON integrates activities that comprise the recruitment, hiring, training and continuous improvement staff organization. This function has activities like evaluation of staffing, personnel selection, skeletal frame staff, performance appraisal, motivation and training personnel.FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE is a classical structure, characterized by aggregation of positions in homogeneous department which performs a function of the organization. For example, the entire organization is structured on the departments like research and development department, production department, human resources, accounting department and marketing department. Efficiency potential of functional structure is achieved by change employees in defined field of operations of activities and their motivation by allowing hierarchical promotion to the top pyramid. When qualify company production very much and is distributed across many intern and international markets can lower to find problems between units respo nsible for carrying out various products.Functional structure is used in centralize and remaineffective as long as the field strength variations in the external environment is very slow, and if the changes are predictable. In a highly dynamic external environment that requires quick reactions from firms to adapt, functional structure behaves rigid and higher response times to changes. Some of the advantages of functional structure are creating conditions for specialized personnel to increase efficiency of staff capacity-departments employees must communicate regulated. About disadvantage of functional structure-enhancing coordination comportment difficulty be motility of its sequence of activities some employees get work of their department rather than the profit of the organization-company conflicts between departments when business objectives are met, each compartment tending to exculpate.The functional organizational structure is characterized by the formation of groups that s hare similar functions. (SCOTT HEBERT).Other important structures underlying on organization are centralisation and DECENTRALIZATION. centralization is concentration in higher management authorities, in which most decisions are developed and has strong control over structural hierarchy organization. DECENTRALIZATION is granted autonomy in decision-making managers to average and lower. Centralization advantages are control, stability, coordination, responsibility, economies of scale.Centralization has disadvantages such as the implementation of decisions takes more time, because managers must obtain approval from all relevant authorities. Also narrow spectrum management activities. Advantages decentralization activities are speed, flexibility, responsiveness, relevance, motivation. DECENTRALIZATION disadvantages are diseconomies of scale more difficult to ensure consistent practices and policies (customer might prefer consistency from location to location)Fast-food business like Bur ger king and Pizza Hut use a predominantly centralised structure. Also, McDonalds is an excellent example of company with centralised structure. These restaurants are typically franchises they all receive food and packaging from the same approved vendors. Alldecision-making close menus and marketing are made at the corporate level in the America.Major supermarket chain like Morrison and Tesco use a decentralised structure .Each supermarket has a store manager who can make certain decision concerning areas like staffing, sales promotion. The store manager is responsible to a regional or area manager.Honda Motor Co. is a company with a decentralized structure. Honda develops its products in the regional markets in which it operates. The company has over 500 subsidiaries and affiliates throughout the world. The company is headed by an executive council Japan, but operations are divided across six regions (Honda, 2009). This allows Honda to sellcars and motorcycles that are most suite d to the preferences of each region. Additionally, the fact that Honda vehicles are manufactured in the region they are sold encourages the topical anesthetic population to view these vehicles more positively.(SCOTT HEBERT).Other models of organizational structure are product based structure, divisional structure, matrix structure, geographically structure, network structure and team structure. return BASED STRUCTURE is a method of identifying all products from units. Advantages -helps to develop products or services better able to meet customer needs-oriented staff interest and help increase motivation. Disadvantage may cause the creation of autonomous units that can be driven hard.DIVISIONAL STRUCTURE is characterized by aggregation of position on the type of products. For each type of products constitute a division. It was created especially for very large companies with production facilities in different geographic areas of the same country or different countries.For example, Suzuki has 6 large factories primed(p) in different geographicalareas of Japan. Each manufacture is to produce a certain type of car or motorcycle. Divisional structure allows managerial autonomy for each main division. Advantage of this structure is that employees of a division can focus on any particular type of product and how best to meet the requirements consumers. By aggregation products, divisions are so technologically equipped better meet the quality requirements impose on the market.Because all employees working for proper tooth-a division of this category of consumers, work relations are convergence towards common objectives, avoiding conflict relationships. For divisions fit(p) in different geographical areas, functional autonomy allows them to respond adequately local market demands. Divisional structure made an important step in the decentralization process by defining substantial autonomy to each division, which led to better adapt them to different market require ments. The divisional structure divides the company into groups based on product, market, or region.(SCOTT HEBERT).MATRIX STRUCTURE has a vertical reunion of work position according to company functions and horizontal reunion of work positions according to typology product. In such a structure, an employee relates to the requirements of two heads one vertical head (functional manager) and one horizontal head (product manager). It is a complex structure, whoseeffectiveness depends on the professionalism of managers and on theorganizational structure which promotes well quality.Matrix structure is indicated in organization, which have a static functional structure over a dynamic structure cooccur projects. While department heads positively correlated with their functional performance, the project heads positively correlated with duration of their projects. This structure, theoretically offers a lot of advantages, in practice, duality managerial responsibilities is also a high potenti al conflict. Also, because is complexity structure appear difficulties for assessing performance and identifying opportunities for quality improvement.Several advantages of matrix structure are flexibility and mold them soas to obtain maximum efficiency and better utilization of resources- information circulates more rapidly, using both the vertical and horizontal flows of communication.Some disadvantages of matrix structure are the existence of several influence lines may affect the dilution of responsibilities-conflicts may occur between the desire to hold managers more authority-although information move faster decision-making process takes longer, meetings due to be held between department managers in the decision.GEOGRAPHICALLY STRUCTURE organization operates in different areas, regions, countries or continents. Local manager is responsible for all activity performed by the company in his area and is subordinate to the general manager of company (head office). Advantages -th e power to decide local managers -knowledge in detail the coordinates local-market knowledge that can be better exploited locally. Disadvantages-differences of language and culture that could balk the information flow-lack of interest in promoting regional departments of new products,made at central head.The McDonalds business is a geographical structure, divided its operation into 5 geographical division. McDonalds has over 31,000restaurants in 120 countries. squad STRUCTURE can be implemented in companies with a high degree of decentralization. Teams are so they can make a full product. In a team, each employee must be able to perform several types of operations such as assembly teammates to be able to integrate work in making a finished product. Team structure led to decentralization advanced production and management, thus increasing the flexibility to adapt and significantly reduce response time to change.Advantages workers are motivated response decision-making takes place in a quick time -level management is removed-costs are electric pig inreduced. Disadvantages conflicts between team members increased time spent in meetings -time-management issues.NETWORK STRUCTURE is based on the most advanced information technologies and the explosive development internet .Is verydecentralized structure and dynamic, able to change and adapt fast.Network structure is composite of various people or organizations, located on a large geographical area, aimed at achieving a common goal with the contribution, skills and resources. Partners in a organization have legal status and electronic connections depend on coordination of their activities.For example, MITSUBISHI group consists of several companies (28), being joined by other members holding shares through collaborative relationships and the social links .Of MITSUBISHI group, remark 3 main companies-MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRY (for production) MITSUBISHI BANK (for finance) and MITSUBISHI CORPORATION (for marketi ng).Advantages network structure-facilitate the achievement of objectives complex, impossible to achieve on their own.CONCLUSIONI managed to expose previously, multiple organizational structures, each one with similarities and differences. Indifferent of the structure underlying an organization, all structure having the common goals which are favourable business itself. Each structure in part aims to reach maximum business success through efficiency and quality of work that are performed in the organization.REFERENCECliffs Notes-Principles of Management Five Approaches to Organisational Design.McDonald steam3.blogspot.co.ukPractical management.com-Transforming Theories Into Practice.Scott Hebert (Mar.23 rd. 2009)-Introduction to Organizational Structure.Scott Hebert (Jan.30th. 2009)-Market Strategy and Organizational Structure trinity Companies.Study Notes People Management.